{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:48:28Z","timestamp":1777870108318,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n The goal of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with puerperal genital hematoma (PGHA) and analyze the management strategies employed and the resulting maternal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This retrospective cohort study examined the pregnant women delivering vaginally with PGHA in Peking University Third Hospital during January 2002 to December 2021. Exploratory data analysis was performed to assess mean, standard deviation (SD), frequency, percentage and percentiles. Independent\u2010samples\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test was performed for continuous variables. Chi\u2010squared test was performed to compare categorical data.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 47 women with PGHA were included, and 94 matched controls were enrolled during the same study period. Compared with the control group, labor induction (34.0% vs. 9.6%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.000) and episiotomy (66.0% vs. 31.9%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.000) were more frequently performed in PGHA cases. There was a significantly higher incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) (53.2% vs. 6.4%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.000) in PGHA patients than in controls. Compared with the patients with <5\u2009cm hematoma, the proportion of prenatal anemia (25.8% vs. 0.0%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.027) and the incidence of PPH (67.7% vs. 25.0%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.005) were significantly higher in patients with \u22655\u2009cm hematoma. In comparison, the active period was significantly shorter (3.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9 vs. 5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.031) in patients with \u22655\u2009cm hematoma. There were significant differences in perineal pain and swelling (31.3% vs. 67.7%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.017), vulva hematoma (93.8% vs. 48.4%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002) and surgical treatment (62.5% vs. 96.8%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002). Nearly half of the patients in the \u22655\u2009cm group underwent secondary suture (41.9% vs. 6.3%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.011). In patients with PGHA detected after more than 2\u2009h, the body mass index was substantially higher (24.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3 vs. 21.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.011), and the weight gain during pregnancy (14.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3 vs. 11.4\u2009\u00b1\u20093.5,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.021) was significantly lower. Compared with the patients in PGHA without PPH, age (31.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4 vs. 29.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.033) and newborn birth weight (3367\u2009\u00b1\u2009390\u2009g vs. 3110\u2009\u00b1\u2009419\u2009g,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.045) were considerably higher in PGHA cases with PPH, and the platelet count ([182\u2009\u00b1\u200944]\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n 9<\/jats:sup>\n \/L vs. [219\u2009\u00b1\u200951]\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n 9<\/jats:sup>\n \/L,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.015) was significantly lower.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Pregnant women who underwent labor induction and episiotomy had a higher incidence of PGHA. The PGHA\u2010related PPH rate is significantly increased. Active surgical treatment is recommended for patients with \u22655\u2009cm hematoma.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.15463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T02:44:55Z","timestamp":1710989095000},"page":"879-885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Risk factors and management of perinatal genital hematoma: A single, tertiary medical center retrospective study in China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"166","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2785-1035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyue","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yudan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, High\u2010Tech District Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang City Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6325-0336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1051018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"QC01","article-title":"Risk factors and incidence of puerperal genital haematomas","volume":"11","author":"Rani S","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin 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