{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T07:22:04Z","timestamp":1789111324522,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]],"date-time":"2024-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp;amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obstetrical fistula is an abnormal opening between the reproductive tract and lower urinary and\/or gastrointestinal tract resulting from obstetrical complications, affecting nearly two million women worldwide. It imposes physical, economic, social, and mental consequences on the affected women. Treatment outcomes vary and, mostly, surgical treatment results in improved quality of life and successful subsequent pregnancy for survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review aimed to chart and examine the treatment outcomes of obstetrical fistula surgical repair in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Search Strategy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a scoping review study to identify treatment outcomes of obstetrical fistula surgical repair in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries. The search was conducted from databases (PUBMED, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science), and gray literature (Google Scholar, Google, and conference proceedings).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Selection Criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The eligibility criteria were constructed using a participant, concept, and context framework and included study types of primary research, reviews, and reports. Studies without full text and in languages other than English were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Collection and Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relevant characteristics of the included studies were extracted on an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed to chart treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review examined the full text of 57 studies on the treatment outcomes of obstetrical fistula. The findings were grouped into two themes: early and late outcomes. The early outcomes included incontinence, surgical\u2010site infection, urine retention, hemorrhage, and retained catheter. The late outcomes included fistula recurrence, residual incontinence, quality of life, reproductive issues, mental health, family and social support, and financial status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The treatment outcomes of obstetrical fistula can be grouped into short\u2010term and long\u2010term outcomes. Although this review found adequate studies for the analysis, most study designs were poor. Stronger studies are recommended in the future to guide policy and decision\u2010making. We would like to suggest that researchers conduct systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses independently for short\u2010term and long\u2010term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.15724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T02:04:51Z","timestamp":1718589891000},"page":"491-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Treatment outcomes of obstetrical fistula surgical repair in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"167","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5753-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liknaw Bewket","family":"Zeleke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University  Debre Markos Ethiopia"},{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7389-0513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alec","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9912-8332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gedefaw","family":"Abeje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University  Bahir Dar Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0648-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjan","family":"Khajehei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Hospital, Westmead  New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Western Sydney University  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Obstetric Fistula","author":"Chen CCG","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24508"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Obstetric fistula. 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