{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T16:55:00Z","timestamp":1772988900141,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FGM\/C is common, effecting over 200\u2009million women worldwide and has substantial associated morbidity. We seek improving the reversal procedure using ultrasound imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of peri\u2010 and intraoperative ultrasound imaging for reconstructive surgery following FGM\/C for staging and surgical planning, with focus on the clitoral structures and blood flow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a case series of patients with FGM\/C who were evaluated and underwent reconstructive surgical management at a single institution between 2018 and 2022. Ultrasound examination with Doppler imaging was performed. The electronic medical record was queried for data regarding patient characteristics, examination and ultrasound findings, and surgical and postoperative course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven patients are described in this case series who sustained the FGM\/C with classifications ranging from Ia to IIIb. The primary complaints were dyspareunia or apareunia. Six of seven (86%) reported anorgasmia. Four of seven (57%) had prior vaginal deliveries, and one of seven (14%) was delivered only by cesarean sections, two of seven (29%) have not been able to have intercourse. Ultrasound examination was utilized to facilitate recognition of the anatomic structures during the reconstruction, and Doppler was used to evaluate the clitoral blood flow. Doppler was useful to delineate clitoral tissues from a closely involved periclitoral inclusion cyst, aiding in surgical excision while minimizing clitoral vascular or nerve injury. Postoperative anatomical restoration, sexual function, and alleviation of dyspareunia were excellent. None of the patients reported decreased sexual pleasure postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound imaging with Doppler can be utilized to facilitate personalized approaches to optimize both anatomical and functional results in cases of genital reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.15865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T05:25:56Z","timestamp":1724822756000},"page":"832-835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound\u2010guided staging and reversal of female genital mutilation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Yael","family":"Baumfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology INOVA Women's Hospital  Falls Church Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology INOVA Women's Hospital  Falls Church Virginia USA"},{"name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Abbas","family":"Shobeiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology INOVA Women's Hospital  Falls Church Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering George Mason University  Fairfax Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonia","family":"Alshiek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology INOVA Women's Hospital  Falls Church Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering George Mason University  Fairfax Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"WHO Guidelines on the Management of\u00a0Health Complications from Female Genital Mutilation","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"Female genital mutilation\/cutting: a global concern","author":"UNICEF","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462971918779"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","volume-title":"Psychological, social and sexual consequences of female genital mutilation\/cutting (FGM\/C): a systematic review on quantitative studies. Report from Kunnskapssenteret nr 13\u20132010","author":"Berg RC","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1341-8076.2003.00065.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2006.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60400-0"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.15865","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ijgo.15865","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.15865","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T11:42:27Z","timestamp":1772970147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijgo.15865"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijgo.15865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.15865","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}