{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:47:03Z","timestamp":1786978023736,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018370","name":"Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology & Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n We first estimated the prevalence of primary and secondary infertility in Tanzania and then examined its association with recent experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We used cross\u2010sectional data from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2022 and included 6894 women aged 20\u201349\u2009years to estimate the prevalence of primary and secondary infertility. In a subset of 2802 partnered women who were surveyed about physical, emotional, and sexual IPV, we also examined the association of any form of IPV in the 12\u2009months prior to the survey with both primary and secondary infertility using multivariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The prevalence of primary infertility was 1.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0, 3.1) and secondary infertility was 15.4% (95% CI: 2.1, 61.0). Primary infertility was higher in urban areas (1.9%) compared to rural areas (1.7%) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Over one\u2010third (37.9%) of the women who were surveyed concerning IPV reported experiencing at least one form of IPV in the 12\u2009months prior to the survey. Almost one\u2010fifth (18.3%) of women with secondary infertility had experienced at least one form of violence in the past 12\u2009months prior to the survey, compared to 1.5% with primary infertility (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.656). Women with secondary infertility were 1.58 times more likely to have experienced any form of IPV (aOR\u2009=\u20091.58, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.33).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In Tanzania, the high prevalences of both infertility and IPV and the link between the two warrants the need for strengthening infertility care and treatment and support for women experiencing IPV.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.16014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T09:04:08Z","timestamp":1731747848000},"page":"171-181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of infertility and its association with intimate partner violence in Tanzania: Findings from the 2022 Demographic and Health Survey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"169","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5592-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belinda","family":"Balandya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Be\u0148ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amani","family":"Kikula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Global Health Institute University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea B.","family":"Pembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Riese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Program, ICF USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anteneh","family":"Asefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-10-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Infertility Prevalence Estimates 1990\u20132021.2023Licence:CC BY\u2010NC\u2010SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","article-title":"Levels and trends of infertility and childlessness","volume":"50","author":"Riese S","year":"2021","journal-title":"DHS Comp Reports No"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Primary and secondary infertility in Tanzania","volume":"5","author":"Larsen U","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Public Health Dev Ctries"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v83i1.9355"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102497"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16793-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40738-020-00090-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.07.1082"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Infertility stigma: a qualitative study on feelings and experiences of infertile women","volume":"15","author":"Taebi M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health (MoH) [Tanzania Mainland] Ministry of Health (MoH) [Zanzibar] National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) Office of the Chief Government Statistician (OCGS) and ICF.Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (TDHS\u2010MIS) 2022. Final Report. Vol 1.2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Violence against Women Prevalence Estimates 2018: Global Regional and National Prevalence Estimates for Intimate Partner Violence against Women and Global and Regional Prevalence Estimates for Non\u2010partner Sexual Violence against Women. Geneva.2021Licence: CC BY\u2010NC\u2010SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Community Development Gender Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC).National Plan for Reproductive Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health & Nutrition (2021\/2022\u20132025\/2026). One Plan III.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.5.2021.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40738-020-00080-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.03.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-017-0137-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among Tanzanian women of reproductive age intending to conceive: evidence from three demographic health surveys, 2004\u20102016","volume":"7","author":"Kikula AI","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Glob Heal Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0280"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263929"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Burden of domestic violence amongst infertile women attending infertility clinics in Nigeria","volume":"16","author":"Ameh N","year":"2007","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0514-3"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.16014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T04:33:52Z","timestamp":1743568432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijgo.16014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijgo.16014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.16014","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}