{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:33:25Z","timestamp":1792064005517,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\u2010MS\u2010394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\u2010MS\u2010394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a diverse condition with an unknown cause. The precise mechanism underlying ovulatory abnormalities in PCOS remains unclear. It is widely believed that malfunction of granulosa cells is the primary factor contributing to aberrant follicular formation in PCOS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A DHEA\u2010induced PCOS rat model was established, and ovarian granulosa cells were extracted and identified. Anti\u2010M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) and SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) expression was detected in the serum, ovarian tissue and ovarian granulosa cells of each group, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), BCL2\u2010associated 2 (BAX), cleaved caspase\u20103 and BCL\u20102 protein expression was detected by Western blot in ovarian granulosa cells. Recombinant anti\u2010M\u00fcllerian hormone (rAMH) was administered at different concentrations to act on normal rat ovarian granulosa cells, cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit\u20108 (CCK\u20108), apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and SMAD4, caspase\u20103, BCL\u20102 and cyclin A proteins were detected by Western blot. SMAD4\u2010siRNA was transfected into rat ovarian granulosa cells of the PCOS group, and PCNA and BAX were detected by Western blot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with those in the control group, the expression of AMH and SMAD4 was increased in the ovarian tissues and granulosa cells of rats in the PCOS group, the expression of PCNA and BCL\u20102 proteins was decreased in the ovarian granulosa cells of the PCOS group, the expression of BAX proteins was increased, and the expression of cleaved caspase\u20103 was increased. Western blot results indicated that rAMH upregulated SMAD4 and caspase\u20103 protein expression in granulosa cells and downregulated cyclin A and BCL\u20102 protein expression. CCK\u20108 and flow cytometry results indicated that AMH decreased granulosa cells proliferation and increased apoptosis. SiRNA knockdown of SMAD4 gene increased PCNA and BCL\u20102 protein expression in the granulosa cells of PCOS rats and decreased BAX and cleaved caspase\u20103 protein expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>AMH may be involved in regulating impaired ovarian granulosa cells development in PCOS rats via SMAD4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.16184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T07:34:23Z","timestamp":1737790463000},"page":"209-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anti\u2010M\u00fcllerian hormone regulates ovarian granulosa cell growth in <scp>PCOS<\/scp> rats through <scp>SMAD4<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Anqi","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University  Jinzhou Liaoning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Women and Children's Hospital of Jinzhou  Jinzhou Liaoning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University  Jinzhou Liaoning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University  Jinzhou Liaoning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanglin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University  Jinzhou Liaoning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University  Jinzhou Liaoning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1538-2350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jindan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University  Jinzhou Liaoning 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