{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:52:46Z","timestamp":1790167966145,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pudendal nerve block in modern obstetric practice is essential to providing comprehensive care. However, as clinical exposure declines, training opportunities also diminish. We aimed to develop and study an effective and reproducible simulation\u2010based educational intervention for teaching pudendal nerve block.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pudendal nerve block simulation\u2010based educational intervention consists of a preintervention evaluation, didactic lecture, simulation\u2010based practice session using a task trainer, and post\u2010intervention evaluation. The intervention was developed and refined based on pilot testing and input from experts. Multiple standardized simulation sessions were implemented at four major academic institutions. We utilized paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests to compare pre\u2010 and post\u2010simulation surveys and performance assessments, and unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests to compare the procedural checklist data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 56 subjects (OBGYN residents, fellows, and attendings; family medicine residents, and attendings; and certified nurse midwives) participated in the simulation\u2010based educational intervention. Competence, comfort, and confidence with identifying appropriate candidates, discussing benefits and risks, offering and performing, and identifying and managing complications of the procedure were higher at baseline for practicing clinicians and increased significantly after participating in the intervention for both residents and practicing clinicians (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value for all &lt;0.001). Procedural competence as assessed by the checklist was not significantly different between residents and practicing clinicians (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value 0.96).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A pudendal nerve block simulation\u2010based educational intervention allows residents and practicing clinicians to develop knowledge, comfort, and confidence in identifying patient candidates, discussing risks and benefits, offering and performing the procedure, and identifying and managing resultant complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T10:08:16Z","timestamp":1739873296000},"page":"456-462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and validation of a pudendal nerve block simulation\u2010based educational intervention"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"170","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0306-8214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhanalakshmi","family":"Thiyagarajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Illinois at Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Wheatley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Illinois at Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine R.","family":"Salva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Lerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lenox Hill Hospital Northwell Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said S.","family":"Saab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Pudendal block; a preferred anesthesia for delivery","volume":"16","author":"Chan\u2010Nam TZE","year":"1959","journal-title":"Med Bull US Army Eur"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198609000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003132"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"523","article-title":"Retroperitoneal hematoma as a complication of pudendal block. 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