{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:12:29Z","timestamp":1790223149681,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp;amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluated the effectiveness, safety, acceptability, and continuation rates of ormiloxifene (Centchroman) which is licensed for contraception only in India.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prospective observational analytical study was conducted across six centers in India from June 2019 to May 2023. A mixed cohort of 3139 women who opted for Centchroman out of 36\u2009625 eligible women were followed up for 24\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean age of participants was 26\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4\u2009years. Menstrual abnormalities were the most common side effect, at an average of 1.03\u20131.17 events per woman. Discontinuation rates were highest within the first 3\u2009months (40.9%) due to menstrual disturbances, notably reduced menstrual flow (60% at 18\u2009months), amenorrhea, heavy or irregular bleeding, and spotting. Life table analysis revealed continuation rates of 78.0%, 47.3%, and 32.2% at 6\u2009weeks, 6\u2009months, and 24\u2009months, respectively. Overall satisfaction from 6\u2009weeks to 12\u2009months after initiation was 75.2%. Failure rate ranged from 0.7%\u20132.1%. Mean endometrial thickness remained stable throughout the study period (6.54\u2009\u00b1\u20092.49 to 7.80\u2009\u00b1\u20091.97\u2009mm), with only two women exhibiting thickened endometrium at 6\u2009months, which was confirmed as secretory endometrium via histopathology. No significant changes in blood pressure or biochemical parameters were observed. Challenges in follow\u2010up and biochemical testing arose due to the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Centchroman appears to be an effective and affordable non\u2010hormonal contraceptive option, particularly for women contraindicated for hormonal methods. However, pre\u2010emptive counseling regarding potential menstrual side effects is crucial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T21:35:46Z","timestamp":1743888946000},"page":"1153-1161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical outcomes among Centchroman users across six medical college hospitals in India"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"170","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8279-3555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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