{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T08:13:45Z","timestamp":1771316025497,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp;amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Active warming (AW) is commonly used to prevent hypothermia during cesarean delivery (CD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effects of AW on shivering during CD under spinal anesthesia (SA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Search Strategy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Wanfang were searched without language or date restrictions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Selection Criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating forced\u2010air warming (FAW), intravenous fluid (IVF) warming, and warmed mattresses alone or in combination for shivering during CD under SA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Collection and Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A random effects model was used to compare AW with no AW and combined AW with single AW on shivering and hypothermia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010four RCTs were included. AW reduced the incidence of shivering (risk ratio [RR] 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28\u20130.50) and hypothermia (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.37\u20130.68) compared with no AW, but combined AW provided no additional benefit over single AW for shivering (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.50\u20131.05) or hypothermia (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.27\u20131.29). Different AW methods, different durations of FAW, and the use of intrathecal opioids did not affect the effects of AW on shivering.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AW techniques, either alone or in combination, are equivalent in preventing shivering during elective CD under SA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Prospero Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No. CRD42024555800.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T11:35:42Z","timestamp":1752147342000},"page":"163-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of active warming to prevent shivering during elective 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