{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T14:40:19Z","timestamp":1783435219941,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004391","name":"China Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR\u2010114\u2010042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR\u2010114\u2010042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004391","name":"China Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR\u2010114\u2010189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR\u2010114\u2010189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp;amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates the causal relationship between gut microbial composition and circulating anti\u2010M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) levels using Mendelian randomization (MR) to determine whether specific gut microbial profiles causally influence AMH levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The two\u2010sample MR approach was employed using genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for gut microbiota and AMH levels. Instrumental variables were selected based on single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms that met the MR validity assumptions. Data on gut microbiota were sourced from the MiBioGen consortium involving 14\u2009306 individuals, whereas AMH level data were obtained from a GWAS meta\u2010analysis of 7049 premenopausal women. Multiple MR methods, including inverse\u2010variance weighted (IVW), MR\u2010Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode, were used to assess causal associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mendelian randomization analysis identified four bacterial groups that were significantly associated with AMH levels (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) using the IVW method. The class\n                      <jats:italic>Bacilli<\/jats:italic>\n                      , order\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillales<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and genus\n                      <jats:italic>Roseburia<\/jats:italic>\n                      were positively associated with AMH levels, whereas the genus\n                      <jats:italic>Flavonifractor<\/jats:italic>\n                      was negatively associated with AMH levels. After adjusting for the false discovery rate, none of these associations remained statistically significant. Sensitivity analyses indicated no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy, and leave\u2010one\u2010out analyses confirmed the robustness of the results, with consistent direction across methods (except for the genus\n                      <jats:italic>Flavonifractor<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our findings provide preliminary genetic evidence that higher abundance of the class\n                      <jats:italic>Bacilli<\/jats:italic>\n                      , order\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillales<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and genus\n                      <jats:italic>Roseburia<\/jats:italic>\n                      may increase AMH levels, whereas the genus\n                      <jats:italic>Flavonifractor<\/jats:italic>\n                      might decrease AMH levels. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these suggestive associations and explore the underlying mechanisms for potential therapeutic implications in reproductive health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T13:02:39Z","timestamp":1752843759000},"page":"336-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the genetically predicted gut microbiota\u2013reproductive axis: Impact on anti\u2010M\u00fcllerian hormone levels"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Chung\u2010Chih","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010I","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Infertility Lee Women's Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7069-8510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung\u2010Miao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02533.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa513"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10390"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212507"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22074\/ijfs.2015.4591"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37796\/2211-8039.1380"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2295394"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03855-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-021-00092-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2233"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.118216"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00763-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1167346"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-024-00925-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21758"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0011-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00376"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2022.963752"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02184"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000399"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i12.1519"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-023-01487-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227724"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102659"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-023-01293-0"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; 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