{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T23:25:05Z","timestamp":1793057105532,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains the leading cause of maternal mortality globally. This global survey was conducted to identify any disparities in the causes, prevalence, treatment, and mortality burden of PPH, with the aim of proposing relevant recommendations to bridge these disparities and ultimately reduce the global maternal mortality and morbidity burden of PPH. A cross\u2010sectional survey of maternity care providers worldwide was conducted by the World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology (WATOG) in collaboration with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Childbirth and PPH Committee. The study instrument was a 15\u2010item structured electronic questionnaire, designed using Google Forms\u00ae. The questionnaire included multiple choice and short answer questions on the baseline characteristics of respondents, causes, prevalence, treatment modalities, and mortality from PPH. The questionnaire was electronically distributed via WATOG and FIGO social media channels to study participants. In total, 339 responses were received from 64 countries in six regions, including Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania. The majority (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009182, 53.7%) of respondents reported seeing an average of at least 10 cases of PPH in their hospitals each month. More respondents in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs) in Africa and Asia reported seeing more than 10 PPH cases monthly, compared to those in high\u2010income countries in Europe and America (57.1% vs. 49.2%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Most (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009318, 93.8%) respondents volunteered that their hospitals recorded less than five PPH\u2010related maternal mortalities monthly. All (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098, 2.4%) respondents who reported more than five PPH\u2010related maternal mortalities were based in LMICs in Africa. Only 133 (39.2%) respondents reported availability of the non\u2010pneumatic anti\u2010shock garment (NASG) in their hospitals. Of those who reported non\u2010availability of the NASG, 60% were in LMICs. The most common treatment for intractable PPH were uterine compression sutures (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009177, 52.2%) and hysterectomy (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009128, 37.8%). Less than 1 in 10 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200930, 8.8%) reported availability of vascular ligation and embolization procedures. PPH remains a significant obstetric complication globally, with a higher morbidity and mortality burden in LMICs. There is an urgent need for concerted global efforts to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality from PPH, especially in LMICs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T10:44:20Z","timestamp":1757587460000},"page":"593-600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Postpartum hemorrhage: Findings of a global survey by the World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology (\n                    <scp>WATOG<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Akaninyene E.","family":"Ubom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PAMO University of Medical Sciences  Port Harcourt Nigeria"},{"name":"World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology (WATOG)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Muslim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology (WATOG)  Paris France"},{"name":"Riphah International University  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolly","family":"Beyeza\u2010Kashesya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mulago Specialised Women and Neonatal Hospital  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Schlembach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivantes Network of Health GmbH, Clinicum Berlin\u2010Neukoelln Clinic for Obstetric Medicine  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zechariah J.","family":"Malel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine University of Juba  Juba Republic of South Sudan"},{"name":"Association of Gynecologists and Obstetricians of South Sudan (AGOSS)  Juba Republic of South Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdousi","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Institute of Woman and Child Health  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Gaia\/Espinho Local Health Unit  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS\u2014Center for Health Technology and Services Research University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro  Aveiro Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"FIGO Childbirth and PPH Committee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldg015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2022.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349509013470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-022-01360-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68397-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2020: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA\/Population Division","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO).Second global call for data on postpartum hemorrhage.2024Accessed June 27 2025.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/articles\u2010detail\/second\u2010global\u2010call\u2010for\u2010data\u2010on\u2010postpartum\u2010haemorrhage"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Department of Health.Report on confidential inquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom 1991\u20131993.1996London: HMSO 32\u201347."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO).Maternal mortality.2025Accessed June 27 2025.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/maternal\u2010mortality?t"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Family Health International (FHI) World Health Organisation (WHO).An epidemiological approach to reproductive health.1994."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13237387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-021-06396-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO).The prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage. 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