{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:47:14Z","timestamp":1777870034477,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2P30AI027757\u201031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2P30AI027757\u201031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI145450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI145450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR002319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant women, including those living with HIV, are at high risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), but the relationship between IPV and viral suppression is unclear. This analysis identifies associations between IPV, viral suppression, and their correlates among pregnant and postpartum women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a secondary analysis of the Opt4Mamas prospective cohort study among pregnant women living with HIV in western Kenya (February 2019 to December 2021). Participants were enrolled during pregnancy and followed through 6\u2009months postpartum with quarterly data collection. The primary outcome was sustained viral suppression (SVS, &lt;1000 copies\/mL) at all intervals from enrollment through 6\u2009months postpartum. We used modified Poisson regression to obtain adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for predictors of recent IPV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 689 participants with \u22652 viral load results available for analysis, 564 (82%) achieved SVS and 68 (10%) reported recent IPV. Recent IPV showed no association with SVS (aRR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.11). However, lack of male partner support (aRR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.14, 6.01), depression (aRR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.96), and stigma (aRR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.52, 4.51) were associated with increased IPV. Non\u2010disclosure of HIV status was associated with lower IPV reporting (aRR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.93).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While IPV was not associated with SVS, we identified important psychosocial correlates. Lack of male partner support, depression, and stigma were associated with increased IPV, emphasizing the need for interventions that address relationship dynamics, mental health, and HIV\u2010related stigma to mitigate IPV exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T09:10:14Z","timestamp":1764407414000},"page":"963-973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations between recent intimate partner violence and sustained viral suppression among pregnant and postpartum women living with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    in western Kenya: A secondary analysis of a prospective cohort (\n                    <scp>Opt4Mamas<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"173","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4828-1541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia R.","family":"Douglas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Samford University  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division CharacterStrong LLC  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Maheria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7024-468X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine K.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UWKenya  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6732-9263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shukri A.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3503-2294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Odhiambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family AIDS Care and Education Services Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kisumu Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enericah","family":"Karauki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UWKenya  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nashon","family":"Yongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UWKenya  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Oyaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Innovations Kenya (HIK)  Kisumu Kenya"},{"name":"LVCT Health  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1492-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa L.","family":"Abuogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Denver  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9893-5856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rena C.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Kenya HIV prevention and treatment guidelines 2022|GPC. Accessed December 18 2024.https:\/\/hivpreventioncoalition.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/kenya\u2010hiv\u2010prevention\u2010and\u2010treatment\u2010guidelines\u20102022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231155529"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"DemographicK SurveyH.Kenya National Bureau of Statistics.2022Accessed December 19 2024.https:\/\/www.knbs.or.ke\/reports\/kdhs\u20102022\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15375"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018277"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2020.1849347"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12619-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001061"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.17.1.18853"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516653753"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Intimate partner violence among HIV positive pregnant women in South Africa","volume":"26","author":"Matseke G","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4157-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2020.1799921"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220919"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249813"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-11-50"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26182"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190659"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","unstructured":"Organization WH.Violence against women prevalence estimates 2018: global regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non\u2010partner sexual violence against women.2021Accessed February 3 2025. World Health Organization.https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/341337"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","unstructured":"Researching violence against women: practical guidelines for researchers and activists\/Mery Ellsberg Lori Heise. Accessed December 18 2024.https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/42966"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","unstructured":"University of Colorado Denver.Maximizing Adherence and Retention for Women and Infants in the Context of Option B+. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02491177 22 April 2021. Accessed October 11 2025. clinicaltrials.gov https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT02491177"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0437-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","unstructured":"CoatesJ SwindaleA BilinskyP.Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Household Food Access: Indicator Guide (v. 3)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"The intersection of intimate partner violence and HIV: detection, disclosure, discussion, and implications for treatment adherence","volume":"27","author":"Sullivan T","year":"2019","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-2020-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.19.1.20766"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2015.1047391"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25852"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","unstructured":"Violence Against Women Prevalence Estimates. Accessed December 18 2024.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240022256"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","first-page":"422","article-title":"Development of the woman abuse screening tool for use in family practice","volume":"28","author":"Brown JB","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2014.954982"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2057-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276809"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","article-title":"Father involvement is a protective factor for maternal mental health in Western Kenya","volume":"5","author":"McCann JK","year":"2024","journal-title":"SSM"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-083950"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.70677","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ijgo.70677","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.70677","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:12:44Z","timestamp":1777561964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijgo.70677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijgo.70677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.70677","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}