{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:10:58Z","timestamp":1788311458038,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1211544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1211544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Global Control of Micronutrient Deficiency, Grant614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Global Control of Micronutrient Deficiency, Grant614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bacterial vaginosis, defined by Nugent score (Nugent\u2010BV), has been associated with preterm birth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, few studies have longitudinally described the associations between Nugent\u2010BV and adverse pregnancy outcomes at varying times in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed associations between Nugent\u2010BV at two separate time points in pregnancy and preterm birth (&lt;37\u2009weeks of gestation), low birth weight (LBW, &lt;2500\u2009g), and small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (SGA, &lt;10th percentile) using data from a community\u2010based randomized trial in rural northwestern Bangladesh from 2001 to 2007. Pregnant women provided self\u2010collected vaginal swabs in early (first or second trimester) and late (third trimester) pregnancy for Nugent scoring. Nugent\u2010BV was categorized as 7\u201310 (ref: 0\u20136) or 4\u201310 (ref: 0\u20133). We used multivariable regression techniques to model relationships between Nugent\u2010BV and incidence of preterm birth, LBW, and SGA, adjusted for the trial intervention and demographic, socioeconomic, and pregnancy history factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1243 women provided \u22651 vaginal swab with a Nugent score and had a live birth. Preterm birth incidence was 23.5% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009271\/1151). Nugent\u2010BV 7\u201310 in early (adjusted relative risk (aRR): 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 1.66) and late (aRR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.44, 2.41) pregnancy were not associated with preterm birth. Nugent\u2010BV 4\u201310 at either time point was not associated with preterm birth in the final adjusted models. From early to late pregnancy, a transition from Nugent score category 4\u201310 to 0\u20133, relative to 0\u20133 at both timepoints, was associated with decreased risk of preterm birth (aRR 0.20, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.63). In early and late pregnancy, neither Nugent\u2010BV categorization was associated with LBW or SGA in the final models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Resolution of Nugent\u2010BV between early and late pregnancy might be associated with a decreased risk of preterm birth. Longitudinal studies with frequent sampling in pregnancy and using molecular techniques are needed to better describe changes in the vaginal microbiota and associated risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T09:39:31Z","timestamp":1764927571000},"page":"1094-1104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations between Nugent\u2010bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes in rural northwestern Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"173","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2852-280X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Erchick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Tuddenham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee S. 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