{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:56:59Z","timestamp":1773035819598,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dyslipidemia in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and adverse perinatal outcomes. These effects might persist throughout the perinatal period and potentially affect the long\u2010term health of both the mother and child. Presently, there is no consensus on the normal range of blood lipids during pregnancy. This study seeks to establish trimester\u2010specific reference intervals (TSRI) for blood lipids and examine the link between dyslipidemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 8950 pregnant women with singleton live births at Peking University International Hospital between January 2, 2020, and May 23, 2024. Assays for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL\u2010C), and high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL\u2010C) were performed at the first, second, and third trimesters. Using strict criteria, we selected 5456 pregnant women, stratified them by pre\u2010pregnancy body mass index (p\u2010BMI), and established TSRI for lipid levels in each p\u2010BMI subgroup using the percentile method. Subsequently, a logistic regression model, adjusted for confounding factors, assessed the relationship between maternal lipid profiles and APOs in the entire cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Throughout all trimesters of pregnancy, HDL\u2010C decreases as p\u2010BMI increases; meanwhile, TG increases with higher p\u2010BMI across all trimesters. In the first trimester, both TC and LDL\u2010C rise with increasing p\u2010BMI, whereas in the second and third trimesters, TC and LDL\u2010C decrease as p\u2010BMI increases. The TSRI, determined by the percentile method, is as follows: In the underweight group (BMI\u2009&lt;\u200918.5\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ): TC ranges from 2.89 to 5.37, 4.49 to 8.07, and 4.77 to 9.06\u2009mmol\/L; TG ranges from 0.40 to 1.60, 1.06 to 3.60, and 1.57 to 5.31\u2009mmol\/L; LDL\u2010C ranges from 1.19 to 3.03, 1.96 to 4.84, and 2.12 to 5.71\u2009mmol\/L; HDL\u2010C ranges from 1.08 to 2.25, 1.44 to 2.92, and 1.33 to 2.70\u2009mmol\/L. In the normal weight group (BMI 18.5\u201323.9\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ): TC ranges from 2.93 to 5.38, 4.35 to 7.94, and 4.53 to 8.86\u2009mmol\/L; TG ranges from 0.41 to 1.73, 1.11 to 3.93, and 1.56 to 5.86\u2009mmol\/L; LDL\u2010C ranges from 1.22 to 3.23, 1.84 to 4.78, and 1.88 to 5.55\u2009mmol\/L; HDL\u2010C ranges from 1.03 to 2.03, 1.38 to 2.76, and 1.27 to 2.64\u2009mmol\/L. In the overweight and obese group (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200924\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ): TC ranges from 2.99 to 5.71, 4.05 to 7.54, and 4.17 to 8.18\u2009mmol\/L; TG ranges from 0.44 to 2.17, 1.31 to 4.46, and 1.74 to 6.26\u2009mmol\/L; LDL\u2010C ranges from 1.33 to 3.63, 1.64 to 4.52, and 1.69 to 5.00\u2009mmol\/L; HDL\u2010C ranges from 0.90 to 1.94, 1.22 to 2.54, and 1.17 to 2.57\u2009mmol\/L. Elevated levels of TC, TG, and LDL\u2010C, or decreased HDL\u2010C during pregnancy, correlate with an increased risk of APOs. Among the lipids measured, TG had the strongest link to APOs. This negative relationship was evident across all trimesters and became more pronounced as TG levels increased during pregnancy. Further, blood lipids exhibit a bidirectional influence on fetal weight.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of TSRI is recommended for the identification of dyslipidemia during pregnancy. Deviations of lipid levels from TSRI are significantly associated with the occurrence of APOs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T04:56:51Z","timestamp":1764910611000},"page":"1759-1775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trimester\u2010specific reference intervals for maternal serum lipids and their associations with adverse outcomes in a cohort from China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University International Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute for Family Planning  Beijing 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