{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:00:31Z","timestamp":1785463231368,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp;amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates serum levels of Gremlin\u20101, BMP\u20104, and BMP\u20107 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy controls and assesses their associations with body mass index (BMI) and with each other across different analytical models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study included women with PCOS and BMI\u2010matched healthy controls, stratified into four analytical models: (Model 1) PCOS versus controls (all BMI categories combined); (Model 2) normal\u2010weight versus overweight\/obese participants (PCOS and controls combined); (Model 3) normal\u2010weight, overweight, and obese participants (three\u2010group comparison); and (Model 4) normal\u2010weight PCOS, overweight\/obese PCOS, normal\u2010weight controls, and overweight\/obese controls (four\u2010group comparison). Demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were recorded. Serum BMP\u20104, BMP\u20107, and Gremlin\u20101 levels were measured using ELISA. Group comparisons were performed using appropriate parametric or non\u2010parametric tests with age adjustment. Correlations between BMP\u20104 and Gremlin\u20101 were assessed using Spearman's rho.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      BMP\u20107 concentrations were below the detection limit in most participants and quantifiable in only five cases. No significant correlation was found between BMP\u20104 and Gremlin\u20101 in any model. Gremlin\u20101 levels were significantly higher in overweight\/obese participants compared with normal\u2010weight individuals, independent of PCOS status (Models\u20092 and\u20094). BMP\u20104 levels were higher in normal\u2010weight healthy controls compared with BMI\u2010matched normal\u2010weight PCOS participants (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014; Model\u20094).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gremlin\u20101 levels are associated with obesity but not with PCOS, while BMP\u20104 levels differ between normal\u2010weight PCOS and BMI\u2010matched controls. These findings provide new insights into BMP pathway components in PCOS and underscore the need for larger, phenotype\u2010stratified studies incorporating tissue\u2010level analyses and additional BMP antagonists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T12:03:06Z","timestamp":1765368186000},"page":"1383-1390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gremlin\u20101 is associated with obesity but not polycystic ovary syndrome: Insights from a body mass index\u2010matched analysis of bone morphogenetic protein pathway components, a cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Sevdanur","family":"Bakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan University  Rize Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8321-4829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Medeni","family":"Arpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan University  Rize Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalan","family":"Kuruca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan University  Rize Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eenol","family":"\u015eent\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan University  Rize Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01351-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00516"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020583"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-038X.1000160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00600-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2021.110089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47391\/JPMA.EGY-S4-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2019.1566452"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/bioconf\/202410804011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"International Evidence\u2010Based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","author":"Teede H","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S372146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7658"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbplus.2021.100071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801238-3.64644-5"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","article-title":"The role of BMP signaling in female reproductive system development and function","volume":"22","author":"Magro\u2010L\u00f3pez E","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.827275"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-2215-6-32"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Gremlin, noggin, chordin and follistatin differentially modulate BMP\u2010induced suppression of androgen secretion by bovine ovarian theca cells","volume":"62","author":"Glister C","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01520-z"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; 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