{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:47:09Z","timestamp":1777870029099,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\/13279\u20105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/13279\u20105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the environmental waste footprint impact of disposable waste from contraceptive packaging and menstrual hygiene products among users of long\u2010acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This mathematical modeling study was conducted at the University of Campinas, Brazil, to assess the potential environmental waste footprint generated from cardboard and plastic packaging and the use of menstrual hygiene products among 169\u2009097 copper intrauterine device (Cu\u2010IUD), 69\u2009601 levonorgestrel 52\u2009mg IUD (hormonal\u2010IUD), and 4857 etonogestrel implant (ENG\u2010implant) users. The duration of use was estimated using couple\u2010years of protection: 4.6, 4.8, 2.5, and 0.06\u2009years for the Cu\u2010IUD, hormonal\u2010IUD, ENG\u2010implant, and combined oral contraceptives (COCs), respectively. The number of menstrual hygiene products potentially used by each group was estimated. For comparison, a theoretical group of 100\u2009000 COC users and nonusers of contraception were included to estimate the annual waste footprint.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On an annual basis, Cu\u2010IUD users generated minimal plastic waste (0.6\u2009g) but used approximately 344.8 menstrual pads. Hormonal\u2010IUD users produced 13.8\u2009g of cardboard and 6.9\u2009g of plastic packaging waste and used an estimated 127.0 pads. ENG\u2010implant users generated 25.7\u2009g of cardboard and 28.3\u2009g of plastic waste and used 89.7 pads. Nonusers of contraception were estimated to use 325 pads annually and generated no contraceptive packaging waste.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of hormonal LARCs is associated with a substantially lower annual environmental waste footprint impact compared with COCs and nonuse of contraception, owing to reduced solid waste generation and fewer disposable menstrual hygiene products used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T11:07:32Z","timestamp":1765192052000},"page":"1122-1127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hormonal long\u2010acting reversible contraceptives use and potential impact on environment: A mathematical model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"173","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7356-8428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Bahamondes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Universidade Estadual de Campinas  Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo C.","family":"Pacagnella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Universidade Estadual de Campinas  Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Marcelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Universidade Estadual de Campinas  Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jurandir","family":"Zulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Meteorological and Climate Research Applied to Agriculture  Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Torezzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Sciences Universidade Estadual de Campinas  Limeira SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cassia T.","family":"Juliato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Universidade Estadual de Campinas  Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leandro R.","family":"Tessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin Universidade Estadual de Campinas  Campinas SP 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