{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T06:58:06Z","timestamp":1769583486330,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female sexual dysfunction (FSD), characterized by persistent problems with desire, arousal, orgasm, or pain, can occur in women with any type of female genital mutilation (FGM) as a result of anatomical changes, pain, or psychological trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically review the evidence on the effects of non\u2010surgical interventions, including sexual counseling, mechanical devices, and lubricants, on the sexual function in women living with FGM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Search Strategy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search was conducted in CINAHL Plus, IRIS, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), SCOPUS, and Web of Science from inception to November 2025. Reference lists were hand\u2010searched and study authors contacted for additional data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Selection Criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies were eligible if they involved women with any type of FGM who received non\u2010surgical interventions for FSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Collection and Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One controlled trial met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In women with Type I FGM, use of the FDA\u2010approved Eros\u2010Clitoral Therapy Device (CTD) combined with psychotherapy led to statistically significant improvements across all domains of the Female Sexual Function Index compared with psychotherapy alone. In the control group, only orgasm scores improved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence on non\u2010surgical interventions for FSD in women with FGM is extremely limited and based solely on a small single trial in women with Type I FGM. Although Eros\u2010CTD shows promise, findings cannot be generalized to other FGM types, and data on safety and contraindications are lacking. Further research is needed across diverse populations and FGM types to inform practice and policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T08:28:35Z","timestamp":1769416115000},"page":"9-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sexual health interventions for treating sexual dysfunction in women with female genital mutilation: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9923-1196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uduak","family":"Okomo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department and MARCH Centre London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"},{"name":"Vaccines and Immunity Theme MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  Fajara The 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University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2381-873X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Babatunde","family":"Okusanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Lagos\/Lagos University Teaching Hospital  Idi\u2010Araba Lagos Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra\u2010Favour","family":"Okoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Nigeria, Calabar Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital  Calabar Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mavis","family":"Otonkue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Nigeria, Calabar Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital  Calabar 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