{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:00:42Z","timestamp":1785463242398,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp;amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted to show the numerical data analysis of countries regarding the number of experienced health personnel attending births, the distribution of midwives\/nurses in the world and health expenditures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this longitudinal study, the statistics published by the World Bank were used as a data source. Within the scope of the study, data on three different indicators were collected. The indicators used in the study were \u201cIncidence of births attended by skilled health staff (% of total),\u201d \u201cNurses and midwives (per 1000 people),\u201d \u201cCurrent health expenditure (% of GDP).\u201d In the data collection process, after the data were downloaded to the personal computer with the World Bank API, the data were grouped according to the World Bank regions and the income status of the countries (Income) and the analyses were made based on these groupings. One of the researchers wrote a script using Python 3.8.18 to collect and analyze the research data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Globally, the number of qualified personnel decreased from 84.27% (relative to total births) of births attended by skilled person in 2010 to 80.21% (relative to total births) of births attended by skilled personnel in 2021. The data for South Asia and sub\u2010Saharan Africa have been consistently below the global average between 2010 and 2020. The number of nurses and midwives for 1000 people worldwide was around 4.48 in 2010 and 5.62 in 2021. Data for Latin America, the Caribbean, South Asia and sub\u2010Saharan Africa remained below the global average between 2010 and 2021. Health expenditures increased globally from 6.92% of GDP (according to each country's currency) in 2010 to 10.56% of GDP (according to each country's currency) in 2021. East Asia and the Pacific, sub\u2010Saharan Africa, Middle East and North Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean remained below the global average.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights significant disparities in global health indicators related to skilled birth attendance, the density of nurses and midwives, and health expenditure. Moreover, regions such as South Asia, sub\u2010Saharan Africa, and Latin America continue to fall below global averages in both skilled birth attendance and the number of nurses\/midwives per capita. These results underscore the urgent need for targeted investment in maternal and newborn health services, especially in low\u2010income regions. Strengthening the healthcare workforce and improving equitable access to skilled birth care are critical steps toward achieving global health equity and improving maternal and neonatal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T11:31:08Z","timestamp":1767612668000},"page":"1605-1616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Big data analysis of globally skilled birth attendants, caregiver midwife\/nurse density, and health expenditures: A longitudinal study from 2010 to 2020"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"173","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9458-7831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00fcbin","family":"Kiyici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Educational Sciences, Instructional Technology Sakarya University  Serdivan Sakarya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4183-9893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00fcr\u00fcvvet","family":"Emrem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Kocaeli University  Kocaeli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0122-5677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Metin","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Sakarya University  Serdivan Sakarya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.The World Health Report 2006: Working Together for Health.2006.https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/43432\/9241563176_eng.pdf?sequence=1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Health Workforce 2030: Towards a Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health","author":"WHO","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"WHO.Making Pregnancy Safer: the Critical Role of the Skilled Attendant.https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/42955\/9241591692.pdf?sequence=12004."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"WHO.Declaration of Astana.https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/328123\/WHO\u2010HIS\u2010SDS\u20102018.61\u2010eng.pdf?sequence=12018."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"WHO.Standards for Improving Quality of Maternal and Newborn Care in Health Facilities.https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/249155\/9789241511216\u2010eng.pdf?sequence=12016."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"WHO.Health System Transformation in the Islamic Republic of Iran: an Assessment of Key Health Financing and Governance Issues.file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/LENOVO\/Downloads\/9789240003774\u2010eng.pdf2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"WHO.Global Reference List of 100 Core Health Indicators (plus Health\u2010Related SDGs).https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/259951\/WHO\u2010HIS\u2010IER\u2010GPM\u20102018.1\u2010eng.pdf?sequence=12018."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"WHO.Nursing and Midwifery Personnel (Per 10 000 Population).https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/indicators\/indicator\u2010details\/GHO\/nursing\u2010and\u2010midwifery\u2010personnel\u2010(per\u201010\u2010000\u2010population)2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).Density of Nursing and Midwifery Personnel (Per 10 000 Population).2025.https:\/\/data.who.int\/indicators\/i\/B54EB15\/5C8435F"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","volume-title":"Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2020: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA\/Population Division","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-001115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"Assembly G.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017. 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