{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:57:33Z","timestamp":1790866653658,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of preterm births in the USA continues to rise, increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes for both neonates and pregnant persons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identifies and quantifies risk factors associated with preterm birth in singleton pregnancies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed de\u2010identified data on singleton pregnancies from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Consortium on Safe Labor, encompassing clinical and demographic information from electronic medical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 223\u2009385 pregnancies, 11.7% resulted in preterm birth. Black\/non\u2010Hispanic individuals were over\u2010represented among preterm births compared with term births (33.6% vs. 22.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.0001). In univariate analyses, preeclampsia\/eclampsia (31.6% vs. 10.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.0001) and fetal anomalies (26.5% vs. 10.6%,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.0001) were strongly associated with preterm birth. In multivariable models, short cervix (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.1) and prior preterm birth (aOR 3.7) emerged as the strongest predictors. Additional independent risk factors included third\u2010trimester bleeding (aOR 2.3), drug use (aOR 1.5), smoking (aOR 1.4), alcohol use (aOR 1.3), and antenatal urinary tract infection (aOR 1.3). Public insurance was independently associated with preterm birth (aOR 1.2). Notably, Black\/non\u2010Hispanic individuals were more likely to rely on public insurance (57.6%), underscoring the contribution of structural socioeconomic disparities to observed racial differences in preterm birth.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preterm birth is strongly associated with the pregnant individual's comorbidities, socioeconomic disadvantage, and obstetric complications. Targeted interventions to address health disparities, enhance prenatal care, and reduce modifiable risk factors are essential to improving perinatal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T12:16:08Z","timestamp":1775564168000},"page":"138-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disparities in preterm birth: Impact of clinical, racial, and socioeconomic factors in\n                    <scp>US<\/scp>\n                    singleton pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"175","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0740-7167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Staniczek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology Medical University of Silesia  Katowice Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1495-4800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohum","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5526-1844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Sharifiheris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5929-3046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maral","family":"Demirjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2087-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorna","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3807-7022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yalda","family":"Afshar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00878-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Shifts in the distribution of births by gestational age: United States, 2014\u20132022","volume":"73","author":"Martin JA","year":"2024","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: final data for 2022","volume":"73","author":"Osterman MJK","year":"2024","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Infant mortality statistics from the 2007 period linked birth\/infant death data set","volume":"59","author":"Mathews TJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Infant mortality in the United States, 2018: data from the period linked birth\/infant death file","volume":"69","author":"Ely DM","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2017.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1326988"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"781","article-title":"Social determinants of preterm birth amongst non\u2010Hispanic black individuals","volume":"42","author":"Fru DN","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.11.1026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.35887"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2023.2288224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946202466054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-021-01186-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2002.00396.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719114556486"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000275287.08520.4a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2011.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13195785"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2025.2547687"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05662-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17013"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.70980","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ijgo.70980","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.70980","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:24:14Z","timestamp":1790864654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijgo.70980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijgo.70980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.70980","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}