{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:44:59Z","timestamp":1792176299667,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Menstrual disorders adversely affect women's physical and psychological health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of menstrual disorders and their association with sleep characteristics and mental health among young women in Pakistan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted from October 2024 to June 2025 among women aged 18\u201340\u2009years. Data were collected using standardized tools, including the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart, the Verbal Multidimensional Scoring System, the Sleep Timing Questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale\u201010, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder\u20107.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Initially, a total of 412 women were contacted, while 323 answered the questionnaire, and data from 217 complete questionnaires were analyzed. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 77.2%, while cycle\u2013length disorders and bleeding disorders affected 19.0% and 20.4% of participants, respectively. Women with menstrual disorders showed significantly shorter sleep duration (449.4\u2009\u00b1\u200916.2 vs 505.2\u2009\u00b1\u200920.8\u2009min;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.040), greater sleep interruption (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and lower sleep efficiency (87.5% vs 93.2%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). The mean stress and depression scores were higher in women with menstrual disorders, with stress increasing by approximately 4.7 points and depression by 5.1 points. Each one\u2010point rise in stress score increased the odds of menstrual disorders by 7.1%, and stress remained a significant independent predictor in the multivariate model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Menstrual disorders are highly prevalent among young Pakistani women and are strongly linked to elevated stress levels, poor sleep quality, and reduced sleep efficiency. Interventions addressing stress management, sleep hygiene, and menstrual awareness could improve both reproductive and mental health outcomes in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.71068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T09:42:17Z","timestamp":1778319737000},"page":"706-714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of menstrual disorders and their association with sleep characteristics and mental health in Pakistani women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Laraib","family":"Fatima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamna","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Bilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghazi Medical University  Dera Ghazi Khan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Rafique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumera","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madiha","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahwish","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5308-2359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Irfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.galenos.2022.59296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/clockssleep3010012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11818-019-00215-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00600.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0088-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-025-01564-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S152131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pra.0000308491.54885.f8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13247668"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Prevalence of menstrual dysfunction and its comparative correlation with anaemia","volume":"21","author":"Toheed R","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Rawalpindi Med Coll"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.38.5.4606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2018.1.21438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51846\/jucmd.v3i1.2752"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.91548"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Sleep quality, psychological health and academic performance among medical students in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"63","author":"Anjum A","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pak J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54112\/bcsrj.v2024i1.1274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(82)90433-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.2.208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"The social psychology of health","author":"Cohen S","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003768"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2024.2433331"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"665","article-title":"The prevalence of menstrual disorders in Iran: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"16","author":"Omani SR","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajbio.s.2016040301.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20241282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02840-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207537"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2025.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2009.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/hprospect.v2023i3.61168"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.981491"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(03)00146-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.k09e-185"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Menstrual issues and its effect on mental health among women of reproductive age in Asian countries: systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Timsina A","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Womens Health Issues Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.686514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02629-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-00889-3"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.71068","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ijgo.71068","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.71068","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:50:01Z","timestamp":1792173001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijgo.71068"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijgo.71068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.71068","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}