{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:45:12Z","timestamp":1792176312270,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preterm birth presents a substantial health, psychological, and economic burden worldwide. Environmental factors, including temperature fluctuations, are known to influence the risk of preterm birth. This study aimed to investigate the association between high temperatures and heat load and preterm births.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a time\u2010series analysis, we examined data from all births in five Israeli districts between 2010\u20132016. Meteorological indices were computed for each district. Distributed lag non\u2010linear models (DLNM) incorporating Poisson regression were employed to investigate the associations between these meteorological indices and the daily number of preterm births across various time lags, assessing both short\u2010 and long\u2010term associations, adjusting for seasonality, holidays and the general trend.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the study period, 1\u2009216\u2009040 newborns were delivered, of which 89\u2009544 (7.36%) were preterm (&lt;37\u2009weeks) and 11\u2009154 (0.91%) early preterm (&lt;32\u2009weeks). Significant non\u2010linear associations were found between temperature, heat load, and daily preterm births. Acute exposure to a 1\u00b0C increase in mean daily temperature 14\u2009days before delivery was associated with a higher risk of preterm birth (relative risk [RR]\u2009=\u20091.015; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.010\u20131.019). Similarly, acute exposure to a 1\u00b0C increase in maximal heat load 14\u2009days before delivery was associated with elevated risk (RR\u2009=\u20091.018; 95% CI: 1.011\u20131.026). Cumulative effects over 14\u2009days were substantial: a 1\u00b0C rise in mean daily temperature was linked to a 16% increase in risk (RR\u2009=\u20091.160; 95% CI: 1.145\u20131.176), while a 1\u00b0C increase in maximal heat load was associated with a 14% increase (RR\u2009=\u20091.139; 95% CI: 1.125\u20131.153). Similar associations were observed for heat load, and for early preterm and very low birth weight births; however, these subgroup analyses were based on fewer events and had wider CIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High temperatures and heat load increase the risk of preterm birth over both short\u2010 and long\u2010terms. In the context of global warming, these findings may warrant consideration of climate\u2010related risks in maternal health planning and to develop preventive strategies against heat\u2010related pregnancy complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.71112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T12:53:14Z","timestamp":1780663994000},"page":"930-940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temperature and heat\u2010load exposure effects on preterm births: Insights from a population\u2010based study using distributed lag non\u2010linear models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Bernard","family":"Barzilay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center  Bnei Brak Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv 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Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1820-9278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Clalit Health Services (Southern District)  Beer Sheva 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