{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:44:41Z","timestamp":1792176281113,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the recognized role of chronic low\u2010grade inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the serum high\u2010mobility group box\u00a01 (HMGB1)\u2013Toll\u2010like receptor 4 (TLR4)\u2013interferon beta (IFN\u2010\u03b2) signaling axis and its association with immune\u2010metabolic dysfunctions in women with PCOS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a case\u2013control study involving 90 Iraqi women aged 18\u201345\u2009years, including 50 newly diagnosed PCOS patients and 40 healthy controls. Serum levels of HMGB1, soluble Toll\u2010like receptor 4 (sTLR4), and INF\u2010\u03b2 were measured using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An automated analyzer was employed to assess the hormonal profile. Molecular docking simulations were performed using MOE software to evaluate the interaction of HMGB1 with both membrane\u2010bond TLR4 and its soluble form.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PCOS group exhibited significant alterations in hormonal profiles compared to healthy controls. Serum levels of HMGB1, sTLR4, and INF\u2010\u03b2 were significantly elevated, consistent with a state of low\u2010grade inflammation. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated favorable binding of HMGB1 to both TLR4 and sTLR4, with a slightly stronger affinity for sTLR4 (\u22127.20\u2009kcal\/mol; RMSD 2.13\u2009\u00c5) than TLR4 (\u22126.23\u2009kcal\/mol; RMSD 1.73\u2009\u00c5).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The HMGB1\u2010TLR4\u2010INF\u2010\u03b2 signaling axis appears to contribute to low\u2010grade inflammation in PCOS. The soluble form of TLR4 may act as a regulatory modulator that attenuates inflammatory signaling. The integration of biochemical and computational data findings provides novel insights into immune\u2010metabolic dysregulation in PCOS and highlights potential therapeutic targets for modulating inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.71121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T11:37:17Z","timestamp":1781177837000},"page":"977-986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Regulatory role of the soluble\n                    <scp>TLR4<\/scp>\n                    form in\n                    <scp>HMGB1<\/scp>\n                    \u2010driven inflammation in\n                    <scp>PCOS<\/scp>\n                    : Integration of biochemical and molecular docking evidence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"175","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4555-4238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Kareem","family":"Atheeb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science University of Baghdad  Baghdad Iraq"},{"name":"Department of Petroleum Refining Engineering and Gas Technology, College of Chemical Engineering University of Technology  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6750-8437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saba Zuhair","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science University of Baghdad  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041454"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Reproductive dysfunction in women with PCOS: a review article","volume":"37","author":"Mahmood 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