{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:49:39Z","timestamp":1782978579022,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp;amp; Obste"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study compares umbilical venous blood flow (\n                      <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>UV<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in macrosomic fetuses with and without pre\u2010gestational diabetes (PGDM).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy\u2010nine women with PGDM and fetal macrosomia were enrolled in this comparative cross\u2010sectional study (the PGDM group). A similar number of participants with fetal macrosomia and no diabetes constituted the control group. Fetal macrosomia was diagnosed antenatally based on increased ultrasound estimated fetal weight (EFW), symphysis\u2010fundal height measurement, or both and was confirmed retrospectively based on a birthweight \u22654000\u2009g. All participants underwent an ultrasound examination between 36 and 37\u2009weeks' gestation for EFW and Doppler assessment of the umbilical vein (UV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The UV diameter was significantly higher in the PGDM group compared to the control group, while no statistically significant difference was found in the time\u2010averaged maximum velocity (TAMXV). Both\n                      <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>UV<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>UV<\/jats:sub>\n                      corrected for EFW were significantly higher in the PGDM group compared to the control group. In addition to diabetes, increased neonatal birthweight and EFW were independently associated with a higher\n                      <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>UV<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Within the PGDM group, both UV diameter and\n                      <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>UV<\/jats:sub>\n                      were significantly higher in newborns with birthweights &gt;4.5\u2009kg in comparison to those \u22644.5\u2009kg weight.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>UV<\/jats:sub>\n                      measured between 36 and 37\u2009weeks' gestation is increased enhanced in fetuses with macrosomia and PGDM compared to those with macrosomia and no diabetes. This increase is attributed to a larger UV diameter rather than an increase in the TAMXV. This study highlights the difference in fetal hemodynamics between fetal macrosomia attributed to maternal PGDM and macrosomia related to other risk factors such as pre\u2010pregnancy obesity, increased gestational weight gain, or a previous macrosomic baby.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.71133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:23:01Z","timestamp":1782976981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Umbilical vein blood flow in macrosomic fetuses with and without pre\u2010gestational diabetes: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6692-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menna H.","family":"Rakha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2394-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal","family":"Elshahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6307-4304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamer Y. M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4686-0770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noha","family":"al\u2010Okda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Fetal medicine: basic science and clinical practice","author":"Pandya PP","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7730"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2002.00671.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003606"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20408"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.9046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.05.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13363"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256171"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211788"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Sample size estimation in epidemiologic studies","volume":"2","author":"Hajian\u2010Tilaki K","year":"2011","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1987.15.6.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20272"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90298-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/reprodmed2010006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1999.14040250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.12.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/pdr.0b013e318163a1de"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-2845-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14286"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.70073"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.71133","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ijgo.71133","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.71133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:23:03Z","timestamp":1782976983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijgo.71133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijgo.71133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.71133","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ijgo.71133"}}