{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T07:25:38Z","timestamp":1787210738297,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology & Obste"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study describes survivor characteristics, age, and reproductive status, alongside clinical consequences and the patterns of service delivery for conflict\u2010related gender\u2010based violence in Khartoum during active armed conflict.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This descriptive mixed\u2010methods study included all survivors of gender\u2010based violence who self\u2010presented to seven designated treatment centers established by the Khartoum State Emergency Health Committee from April 1, 2023, to December 31, 2025. Quantitative clinical data were collected using standardized forms; qualitative data were gathered through in\u2010depth interviews and counseling session narratives.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among 375 survivors, 168 (44.8%) were children aged <18\u2009years, and 207 (55.2%) were adult women. A total of 178 (47.5%) survivors had documented both injuries and psychological trauma. Among adult women, unwanted pregnancy occurred in 32 (15.5%) of them; out of these 32 women, 14 recognized themselves as late comers with advanced pregnancy and delivered (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200919, 59.4%); whereas for incomplete abortion, post\u2010abortion care was required by the other 13 (40.6%). Physical trauma and multiple injuries were found in 67 children (39.9%). All survivors were given prophylactic antibiotics and antiretroviral prophylaxis, and 197 (52.5%) received emergency contraception. Qualitative findings suggest that some elements of violence, like repeated rape, punishment rape in front of relatives or family members, and violent death threats with firearms, were commonalities of the violence, describing a specific pattern during conflict.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n In Khartoum, conflict\u2010related gender\u2010based violence was associated with adverse physical and reproductive health outcomes and psychological morbidity, contributing to a considerable burden on children as well. Locally coordinated, survivor\u2010centered treatment centers might represent a critical model for building trust between survivors and providers and sustaining care delivery in conflict\u2010affected populations.<\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n image<\/jats:alt-text>\n <\/jats:graphic>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.71270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T07:10:34Z","timestamp":1787209834000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conflict\u2010related gender\u2010based violence in Khartoum, Sudan: Survivor characteristics and a locally led health system response"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"A. M.","family":"Safa Mazda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine National University Khartoum Sudan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Saudi Maternity Hospital, Ministry of Health Omdurman Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Umbeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Omdurman Islamic University Omdurman Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imad","family":"Abd Allah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Ministry of Health Omdurman Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasr Eldein","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Saudi Maternity Hospital, Ministry of Health Omdurman Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randa","family":"Gaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Saudi Maternity Hospital, Ministry of Health Omdurman Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Abd Aalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Saudi Maternity Hospital, Ministry of Health Omdurman Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fathia","family":"Alysaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Ministry of Health Omdurman Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Administration of Strategic Planning Khartoum State Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisham","family":"Zain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Khartoum State Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aziza","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Khartoum State Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatuma","family":"Alsanosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Khartoum State Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kawther","family":"Zain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology Khartoum State Ministry of Health Khartoum 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