{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:04:47Z","timestamp":1786122287585,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp;amp; Obste"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe menstrual period characteristics among Brazilian adolescents, focusing on menstrual patterns, use of sanitary products, and influence of socioeconomic conditions on menstrual health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter cross\u2010sectional study was conducted, including adolescents from all official sociodemographic regions of Brazil. The study evaluated menstrual cycle characteristics, usage patterns of menstrual products, and socioeconomic status (categorized A\u2013E). There was also an analysis of the cost of sanitary pads and the resulting economic impact of these on household income.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 195 adolescents were included (mean age: 16.70\u2009\u00b1\u20091.99\u2009years), with 20.51% reporting self\u2010perceived abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Among those with AUB, 60% had irregular cycles and 30% reported bleeding duration exceeding eight days. Compared to those with normal bleeding, adolescents with AUB used significantly more menstrual products (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), reported more intermenstrual bleeding (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and required frequent changes of underwear (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005), clothing (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006), and bedding (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005). Among those with AUB, 52.5% resided in the poorest regions (North\/Northeast) and identified as Black or mixed\u2010race (brown\u2010skinned), facing greater barriers to healthcare. The number of pad\/cycles was higher in the AUB\u2010group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015). The financial burden was substantial: participants from higher socioeconomic strata (A\u2013B2) allocated only 0.05%\u20130.15% of their income to pads, whereas this proportion was nearly 20 times higher for groups D\u2013E (1.66%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brazilian adolescents exhibit a high prevalence of AUB, which correlates with increased hygiene product needs and a disproportionate financial burden. Addressing the link between socioeconomic inequity and period poverty is essential for public health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.71288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T09:03:53Z","timestamp":1786093433000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Abnormal uterine bleeding, menstrual poverty and the financial burden of menstrual hygiene among Brazilian adolescents: A multicenter cross\u2010sectional study on health inequities"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5375-7117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renan Massao","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7289-0191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Pravatta Rezende","family":"Antoniassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3889-4778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Angerame","family":"Yela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6198-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Laguna","family":"Benetti\u2010Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003693"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2017.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70243"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15895"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0370-41062017000600717"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26410397.2021.1911618"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-01904-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-017-0293-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441690801900795"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2023.1140981"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"VardapetyanA.Period poverty: the belittling of a basic need.2021American Medical Women's Association https:\/\/www.amwa\u2010doc.org\/period\u2010poverty\u2010the\u2010belittling\u2010of\u2010a\u2010basic\u2010need\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052571"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282605"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12666"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa.Crit\u00e9rio de Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o Econ\u00f4mica Brasil (CCEB).2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311X00002813"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Constitution of the World Health Organization.https:\/\/www.who.int\/about\/governance\/constitution2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.22.0206"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1177\/15248399231192998","article-title":"Period poverty: an epidemiologic and biopsychosocial analysis","volume":"26","author":"Casola AR","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Promotion Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002803"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302525"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; 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