{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:47:44Z","timestamp":1791805664610,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp;amp; Obste"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vaccination across the life course is a cornerstone of preventive health care for girls and women. Although WHO recommends completion of essential vaccines by adolescence, global coverage remains suboptimal. Vaccine\u2010preventable diseases\u2014including HPV\u2010related cancers, vaginal, vulvar, anal, oropharyngeal, influenza, pertussis, hepatitis B, herpes zoster, and pneumococcal disease\u2014continue to impose a disproportionate burden on girls and women, particularly in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs) and migrant populations. Key life stages, such as childhood (early and middle), adolescence, preconception, pregnancy, postpartum, midlife, and beyond, offer critical opportunities for immunization. Obstetricians, gynecologists, midwives, and other women's healthcare providers are uniquely positioned to integrate vaccination into routine care in all settings and influence vaccine acceptance. Strengthening vaccine advocacy within women's health care is essential to reduce preventable morbidity and mortality and advance health equity for girls and women globally. This paper presents evidence\u2010based recommendations for equitable vaccination across the life course of girls and women, synthesizing guidance from WHO, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and national immunization technical advisory groups. Vaccines reviewed include HPV, tetanus\u2010diphtheria\u2010pertussis (Tdap), influenza, hepatitis B, measles\u2010mumps\u2010rubella (MMR), varicella, herpes zoster, pneumococcal, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and COVID\u201019. A life\u2010course framework is proposed, emphasizing maternal immunization, cervical cancer prevention, and integration of regular and opportune vaccination into routine obstetric and gynecologic services. Practical implementation strategies and policy recommendations are outlined to support FIGO member societies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.71330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:11:32Z","timestamp":1791803492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vaccination for girls and women across the life course: Evidence\u2010based recommendations for clinical practice and policy"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7186-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hema","family":"Divakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FIGO Division of Well Women Health Care, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"Divakars Speciality Hospital  Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fionnuala M.","family":"McAuliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIGO Division of Maternal and Newborn Health, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"UCD Perinatal Research Centre, University College Dublin National Maternity Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4248-4640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gelila","family":"Goba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIGO Committee on Women at Reproductive Age, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Miller School of Medicine University of Miami  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIGO Committee on Women at Reproductive Age, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"FIGO Committee on Women at Menopausal Age, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Sant'Anna University Hospital  Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9abh N.","family":"Bhuinne\u00e1in","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIGO Committee on Adolescence and Youth, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"Royal College of Physicians in Ireland  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suvarna","family":"Khadilkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIGO Committee on Women at Menopausal Age, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences  Mumbai India"},{"name":"Bombay Hospital Medical Research Center  Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Labovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIGO Committee on Adolescence and Youth, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"International Federation of Infant and Juvenile Gynecology (FIGIJ) Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Abou\u2010Dakn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIGO Committee on Women at Reproductive Age, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology St Joseph Hospital Berlin\u2010Tempelhof  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eytan R.","family":"Barnea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIGO Committee on Women at Reproductive Age, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"The Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy and Obstetrics, Gynecology &amp; Reproductive Sciences University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnaldo Lopes","family":"da Silva\u2010Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIGO Committee on Women at Menopausal Age, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG)  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabete","family":"Argale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIGO Committee on Women at Menopausal Age, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Riga Stradins University  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Genazzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIGO Committee on Women at Menopausal Age, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIGO Committee on Women at Menopausal Age, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"California Surgeon General  Sacramento California USA"},{"name":"Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Women's Preventive Services Initiative Implementation Committee, ACOG  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharmintra","family":"Pasupathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIGO Committee of Infections During Pregnancy, FIGO  London UK"},{"name":"Reproduction and Perinatal Centre, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"645","article-title":"Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper","volume":"97","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"461","article-title":"Vaccines against influenza: WHO position paper","volume":"87","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"433","article-title":"Pertussis vaccines: WHO position paper","volume":"90","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper","volume":"92","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Shingles (herpes zoster) vaccination: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices","volume":"71","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Vaccination in Pregnancy: Safety and Effectiveness","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection: epidemiology and vaccination","volume":"368","author":"Shepard CW","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Herpes zoster pathogenesis and cell\u2010mediated immunity and immunosenescence","volume":"51","author":"Oxman MN","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.04.036","article-title":"Vaccine hesitancy: definition, scope and determinants","volume":"33","author":"MacDonald NE","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Adolescent Health","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"AA\u2010HA! 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