{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:49:11Z","timestamp":1792500551470,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome is a chronic pelvic pain condition with heterogenous mechanisms. Levator ani muscle (LAM) enthesis\u2010related pain has been proposed as a musculoskeletal contributor to bladder pain symptoms. This study investigated whether LAM enthesis\u2010related pain is independent of cystoscopic glomerulation in patients presenting with bladder pain symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single\u2010center retrospective study included 231 patients with painful bladder symptoms who underwent cystoscopy between January 2019 and September 2024. Patients were stratified according to the presence or absence of cystoscopic glomerulations. Demographic characteristics, lower urinary tract symptoms, and pelvic pain phenotypes were compared between groups. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between cystoscopic glomerulation and LAM pain subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Age, height, body weight, body mass index, and lower urinary tract symptoms did not differ significantly between groups. Glomerulations were not significantly associated with LAM pain (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.168) or enthesis\u2010related pain (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.372). In logistic regression analysis, glomerulations were not associated with overall LAM pain (odds ratio 0.71; 95% confidence interval 0.37\u20131.35;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.292) or LAM enthesis\u2010related pain (odds ratio 0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.51\u20131.87;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.940).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LAM enthesis\u2010related pain was not significantly associated with cystoscopic glomerulation in this cohort. These findings suggest that LAM enthesis\u2010related pain may represent a possible musculoskeletal phenotype among patients with bladder pain syndrome; however, this hypothesis requires prospective validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.71450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:11:07Z","timestamp":1792498267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Levator ani muscle enthesis\u2010related pain in patients with bladder pain syndrome: A retrospective cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9550-0241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong Ci","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Taipei Medical University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6048-8541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng\u2010Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming Chiao\u2010Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Female Cancer Foundation  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan\u2010Cheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Information Systems National Chung Hsing University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2244-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung\u2010Yen","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Taipei Medical University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1918.02600040001001","article-title":"A rare type of bladder ulcer: further notes, with a report of eighteen cases","volume":"70","author":"Hunner GL","year":"1918","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)41529-1","article-title":"Summary of the National 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sacroiliitis, and enthesitis","volume":"71","author":"Ringold S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.70170","article-title":"Correlates of positive response to therapeutic hydrodistension in interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Wolff DT","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; 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