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We examine the measurement invariance of the 13\u2010item version of the NPI in three populations in Japan, Poland and the UK. Analyses revealed that leadership\/authority and grandiose exhibitionism dimensions of the NPI were cross\u2010culturally invariant, while entitlement\/exploitativeness was culturally specific. Therefore, we proposed NPI\u20109 as indicating scalar invariance, and we examined the pattern of correlations between NPI\u20109 and other variables across three countries. The results suggest that NPI\u20109 is valid brief scale measuring general levels of narcissism in cross\u2010cultural studies, while the NPI\u201013 remains suitable for research within specific countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T00:09:18Z","timestamp":1523837358000},"page":"439-447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Cross\u2010cultural invariance of NPI\u201013: Entitlement as culturally specific, leadership and grandiosity as culturally universal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"\u017bemojtel\u2010Piotrowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski in Warsaw Institute of Psychology  Warszawa Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Piotrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities  Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Rogoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski in Warsaw Institute of Psychology  Warszawa Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Baran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw  Warszawa Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidefumi","family":"Hitokoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Fukuoka  Fukuoka Prefecture, Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Maltby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences, and Psychology University of Leicester, College of Medicine  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191114568113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191110382845"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2005.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000353"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191117740625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Cross\u2010cultural research methodology series: Field methods in cross\u2010cultural research","author":"Brislin R. 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