{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T20:26:25Z","timestamp":1783542385736,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) affirms a right to education for disabled persons and aims to ensure braille instruction for blind individuals. However, there is evidence that braille instruction is often circumvented or abandoned early in CRPD nations because it is perceived as an inefficient learning medium for blind students. This perception persists despite insufficient empirical evidence and a lack of understanding of the efficiency of reading versus listening for learning in sighted individuals. We therefore investigated the efficiency of learning written versus spoken words in blind and sighted samples. Participants (23 blind, 20 sighted) studied the written definitions of 70 rare English words in successive rounds, presented in conjunction with written or spoken wordforms. Blind participants learned with equal efficiency across modalities, whereas sighted participants learned spoken words more efficiently. The findings indicate the inefficiency argument against teaching braille is groundless, both because braille word learning is not less efficient than auditory word learning for blind individuals, and because reading is valued in the education of sighted individuals despite its apparent inefficiency in that population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T08:25:51Z","timestamp":1663662351000},"page":"52-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Braille literacy as a human right: A\u00a0challenge\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0\u201cinefficiency\u201d argument against braille instruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8573-6153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsay N.","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Leadership, Educational Psychology, and Foundations Northern Illinois University  DeKalb IL USA"},{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language and Literacy Northern Illinois University  DeKalb IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2573-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"Gladfelter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language and Literacy Northern Illinois University  DeKalb IL USA"},{"name":"Division of Allied Health and Communicative Disorders Northern Illinois University  DeKalb IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9384-4223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alecia M.","family":"Santuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language and Literacy Northern Illinois University  DeKalb IL USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Northern Illinois University  DeKalb IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0213-4198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona B.","family":"Lech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Leadership, Educational Psychology, and Foundations Northern Illinois University  DeKalb IL USA"},{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language and Literacy Northern Illinois University  DeKalb IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Leadership, Educational Psychology, and Foundations Northern Illinois University  DeKalb IL USA"},{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language and Literacy Northern Illinois University  DeKalb IL USA"},{"name":"Department of English and World Languages Lewis University  Romeoville IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis E.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Leadership, Educational Psychology, and Foundations Northern Illinois University  DeKalb IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8561-8605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawn","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Leadership, Educational Psychology, and Foundations Northern Illinois University  DeKalb IL USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin Center for The Blind and Visually Impaired  Janesville WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Leadership, Educational Psychology, and Foundations Northern Illinois University  DeKalb IL USA"},{"name":"School of Foreign Languages Yunnan Minzu University  Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5294\/laclil.2020.13.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/laws5030035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Routledge handbook of disability law and human rights","author":"Degener T.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26803\/ijlter.17.6.9"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction: Why adolescent literacy matters now","volume":"78","author":"Ippolito J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Harvard Educational Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026461960402200103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","unstructured":"Medler D. 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