{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:37:43Z","timestamp":1792543063425,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Hamas terror attack on October 7, 2023, and the subsequent \u2018Iron Swords\u2019 war represent a profound national tragedy in Israeli history. Emerging Adults (EAs) aged 18\u201330 constitute a vulnerable group due to an inherent lack of social and economic resources. This study explores the secondary trauma stress (STS) experienced by both Israeli Jewish and Arab EAs, examining their levels of indirect exposure, fear, resilience, and coping strategies. The study sample included 562 Israeli EAs, approximately half of whom identified as Jewish and most others as Muslim. The findings reveal high levels of indirect exposure, with more than half of the participants knowing someone who was harmed during the attack. Fear emerged as a strong predictor of STS, surpassing the effects of exposure. Compared with Arab participants, Jewish participants reported greater exposure and fear but also higher resilience and coping strategy use. Despite these differences, STS levels were similar across groups, highlighting Arab EAs' greater vulnerability due to pre\u2010existing disparities in resources and sociopolitical tensions. Coping strategies failed to mitigate STS, suggesting a \u201cpanic\u2010coping cycle\u201d. These findings emphasise the need for resource\u2010based and culturally sensitive interventions to address the distinct vulnerabilities of Arab EAs and support recovery in crisis contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.70089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T05:49:16Z","timestamp":1753249756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Psychological Impact of the October 7 Hamas Terror Attack on Jewish and Arab Emerging Adults in Israel"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Avital","family":"Laufer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Science Netanya Academic College  Netanya Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8820-888X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anwar","family":"Khatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work Zefat Academic College  Zefat Israel"},{"name":"Department of Community Mental Health University of Haifa  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Finkelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zefat Academic College  Zefat Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galit","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Business Administration Ariel University  Ariel Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"ACIS Task Force.2023.\u201cYoung Adults in Israel: A Statistical Abstract [Data Brief].\u201dhttps:\/\/www.acitaskforce.org\/resource\/the\u2010young\u2010adults\u2010in\u2010israel\u2010statistical\u2010abstract."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14100900"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003\u2010066X.55.5.469"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Survey of Arab Society's Attitudes Regarding the \u201cOperation Iron Swords\u201d War: Approximately Two\u2010Thirds of Citizens Feel Connected to Israel and Its Challenges","author":"Asad A.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"Maturing in the Shadow of War: The Impact of Crises and Disasters on Young Adults\u00a0\u2013\u00a0A Literature Review. 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R.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/swr\/svab016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468\u20104446.12799"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.115973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","volume-title":"Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis","author":"Hayes A. 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