{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T02:37:36Z","timestamp":1785206256413,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Borderline Personality Disorder (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is marked by emotional instability and intense negative affect. The Predictive Coding Model posits that impaired prediction of bodily signals may underlie such deficits, though empirical validation remains lacking. In this study, we compared a high\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010trait group (score \u2265\u20096 on the Chinese Version of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">McLean<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Screening Instrument for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , without a\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    diagnosis) with a low\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010trait group (score \u2264\u20092). Participants were examined using the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness\u20102 (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAIA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20102) for interoceptive sensitivity (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), the Heartbeat Counting Task (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) for interoceptive accuracy (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and heartbeat\u2010evoked potentials (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) as the neural correlates of cardiac interoceptive processing. Results showed that the high\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010trait group scored lower in the two subscales of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAIA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20102 (Not\u2010Worrying and Trusting); however, no differences were observed for the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Furthermore,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    amplitudes were significantly modulated by attention in the low\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010trait group, with higher amplitudes during the heartbeat\u2010focused condition, whereas the high\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010trait group exhibited consistently high amplitudes across both conditions. Within the predictive coding framework, the observed pattern (intact IA, low interoceptive trust and altered HEP responses) may indicate a rigidity in precision weighting that impairs adaptive interoceptive modulation in individuals with BPD traits.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.70178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:14:36Z","timestamp":1769991276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impaired Processing of Bodily Signals Is Associated With Borderline Personality Traits: Insights From the Predictive Coding Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7259-3118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Chi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Psychology, College of Education Zhejiang University of Technology  Hangzhou 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