{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:05:05Z","timestamp":1784693105391,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021809","name":"Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SED 0000\u201055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SED 0000\u201055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In this study, we test the theory of strong\u2010ties and weak\u2010ties rationalities (STWTR) (Sundararajan 2020) and the criterion validity of its measures using strong\u2010ties rationality and weak\u2010ties rationality scales to predict COVID\u201019 related perceptions and behaviours. These include public stigma, help\u2010seeking networks, and health behaviours across four societies (Han\u2010Chinese, Chinese\u2010Malaysians, Malay\u2010Malaysians, and White\u2010Australians,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009918). The standardized coefficient results indicate that strong\u2010ties rationality, compared with weak\u2010ties rationality, has a stronger positive association with public stigma, help\u2010seeking from strong ties, and personal care behaviours. In contrast, weak\u2010ties rationality, compared with strong\u2010ties rationality, has a stronger positive association with public health behaviours. Between the Han\u2010Chinese and White\u2010Australians samples, the impact of strong\u2010ties rationality on public stigma is weaker among the Han Chinese, while the impact of weak\u2010ties rationality on public health behaviour is stronger among the White Australians. We attribute our nuanced analysis of these results to the explanatory power of STWTR theory, which decomposes culture into three units of analysis\u2014rationality, ecological niche, and behaviour, enabling an examination of the match or mismatch among these cultural components characterizing any society. Indigenous features of a cultural system can then be more fully represented in cross\u2010cultural psychological research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.70235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T11:08:48Z","timestamp":1782212928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Strong\u2010Ties and Weak\u2010Ties Rationalities: Predicting Public Stigma, Support Networks, and Health Behaviours During the\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 Pandemic Across Four Societies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2932-9593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel Sing\u2010Kiat","family":"Ting","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences Monash University Malaysia  Subang Jaya Malaysia"},{"name":"Fuller Graduate School of Psychology  Pasadena California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8414-4217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Terpstra\u2010Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business Monash University  Subang Jaya Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2652-1106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"May Kyi Zay","family":"Hta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences Monash University Malaysia  Subang Jaya Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong\u2010Yao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sociology China University of Political Sciences and Law  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Fan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Criminal Investigation People's Public Security University of China  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Harris","family":"Bond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management and Marketing Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3839-7042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuang\u2010Hui","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ethnology Academia Sinica and Department of Psychology National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3442-6897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Sundararajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher  Rochester USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13899"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010200012150\u201000014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jim\u20102020\u2010001647"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC].2021.\u201cHow to Protect Yourself & Others: COVID\u201019 Prevention Actions.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010ncov\/prevent\u2010getting\u2010sick\/prevention.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2020.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","volume-title":"Structures of Social Life: The Four Elementary Forms of Human relations","author":"Fiske A. 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