{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:02:49Z","timestamp":1790132569379,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32371125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32371125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32071081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32071081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intergroup conflict threatens human survival and social development, often triggered by environmental changes such as pandemics. Understanding individual behaviour in intergroup conflict during crises is critical for explaining shifts in intergroup relations. Using COVID\u201019 as a major environmental threat, the present study combined behavioural experiments and questionnaire measures with 1167 participants from 34 Chinese provinces across three stages: before the pandemic, after the reopening policy was announced and after the pandemic ended. We examined temporal changes in self\u2010interest, ingroup cooperation and outgroup aggression, along with the moderating role of cultural values. Results showed that shortly after reopening, self\u2010interest and ingroup cooperation first decreased and then increased, patterns moderated by interdependent self\u2010construal. Conversely, outgroup aggression first increased and then decreased, jointly influenced by cultural tightness\u2013looseness and infection status. Across the broader pandemic stages, self\u2010interest remained higher and outgroup aggression remained lower than the pre\u2010pandemic baseline, while cultural values exerted moderating effects only at specific stages. These findings suggest that pandemic\u2010related environmental threats do not simply increase cooperation or conflict but reshape individuals' trade\u2010offs among personal, ingroup and outgroup interests. This study provides psychological evidence for understanding intergroup conflict behaviour under environmental threat and offers implications for crisis governance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.70249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T03:40:37Z","timestamp":1784691637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Reopening to the New Normal: The Impact of\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 on Intergroup Conflict Behaviour"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Hang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shangyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12371"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/irsp.469"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijintrel.2023.101755"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2008.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430210377332"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117611"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2542\u20105196(20)30301\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021\u20109010.91.6.1225"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1197754"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20109280.2008.02100.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ncmr.12148"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/job.2612"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1041.2022.00497"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"395","article-title":"Realistic Group Conflict Theory: A Review and Evaluation of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature","volume":"43","author":"Jackson J. 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