{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:36:53Z","timestamp":1790350613264,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJU Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"Introduction<\/jats:title>Immune checkpoint inhibitors are now a standard therapeutic option for lung adenocarcinoma. However, Immune checkpoint inhibitors often induce various immune\u2010related adverse events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Case presentation<\/jats:title>The patient was a 78\u2010year\u2010old woman with lung adenocarcinoma who had a partial response to pembrolizumab. During treatment, she complained of pollakiuria and nocturia with painful micturition. Histological analysis revealed infiltration of CD8\u2010positive and\/or TIA\u20101 cytotoxic granule\u2010associated RNA binding protein\u2010positive lymphocytes and programmed death\u2010ligand 1 expression in the urothelium. A diagnosis of immune\u2010related adverse event cystitis was made based on these clinical and pathological findings. The patient\u2019s subjective symptoms and findings on cystoscopy improved dramatically after treatment with prednisolone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Immune checkpoint inhibitors\u2010induced cystitis is extremely rare. This report is the first to include an immunohistochemical analysis of the urothelial epithelium in immune\u2010related adverse event cystitis and describes an instructive case.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iju5.12211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T06:25:18Z","timestamp":1597299918000},"page":"266-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Non\u2010bacterial cystitis with increased expression of programmed death\u2010ligand 1 in the urothelium: An unusual immune\u2010related adverse event during treatment with pembrolizumab for lung adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Yohei","family":"Ueki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology NTT\u2010East Corporation Sapporo Medical Center Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Matsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology NTT\u2010East Corporation Sapporo Medical Center Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9274-2551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terufumi","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Medicine Sapporo Medical University Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rena","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Medicine Sapporo Medical University Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Hirohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Medicine Sapporo Medical University Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syunsuke","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology NTT\u2010East Corporation Sapporo Medical Center Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Horibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine NTT\u2010East Corporation Sapporo Medical Center Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo Clinical Laboratory Inc. 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