{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:28:00Z","timestamp":1783524480841,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJU Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skull base metastasis of prostate cancer associated with cranial nerve palsy is rare. We observed three patients with aggressive prostate cancer who experienced cranial nerve palsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case 1 was a 53\u2010year\u2010old patient who was treated with carboplatin and etoposide. He noticed sensory abnormalities on his left mouth edge. Head magnetic resonance imaging revealed skull base metastasis. Case 2 was a 50\u2010year\u2010old patient who received docetaxel. This patient exhibited ptosis of the left eye. Skull base metastasis was detected by magnetic resonance imaging. External beam radiation therapy was performed. Case 3 was a 64\u2010year\u2010old patient who was treated with docetaxel. He experienced ptosis of the right eye and diplopia. He was also treated with external beam radiation therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>External beam radiation therapy exhibited some efficacy against the symptoms, but skull base metastasis of treatment\u2010resistant prostate cancer has poor prognosis. Three patients died within 3\u00a0months after symptoms occurred with or without external beam radiation therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iju5.12255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:09:28Z","timestamp":1611274168000},"page":"108-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cranial nerve palsy caused by metastasis to the skull base in patients with castration\u2010resistant prostate cancer: Three case reports"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Yota","family":"Yasumizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4371-4594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeo","family":"Kosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Hongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mototsugu","family":"Oya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.31.5.530"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-004-8099-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.smj.0000224747.50060.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-5-315"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941874418755952"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03027375"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0b013e3281744440"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2003.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.GKS141272"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20553"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2006.01466.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1673.2008.01943.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-010-0630-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-010-0098-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2011.15.3.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"840","article-title":"Tale of deviation","volume":"62","author":"Abhilash K","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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