{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:14:47Z","timestamp":1747149287971,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJU Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor\u2010producing upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is rare, with a poor prognosis. Advanced urothelial carcinoma is currently treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, whose efficacy for granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor\u2010producing upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 66\u2010year\u2010old male diagnosed with clinical stage T3N1M0 urothelial carcinoma of the right ureter with giant hydronephrosis underwent right radical nephroureterectomy. Local recurrence, leukocytosis, and elevated serum granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor levels were observed approximately 3\u2009months after surgery. Chemotherapy was started but failed to control the disease. Therefore, pembrolizumab was chosen as the second\u2010line treatment. After this treatment, the blood leukocyte count rapidly normalized, and a clinically favorable response was achieved. There was no recurrence 10\u2009months after the beginning of pembrolizumab treatment, which is still ongoing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pembrolizumab may be a treatment option for advanced granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor\u2010producing upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iju5.12406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]],"date-time":"2021-12-18T07:42:01Z","timestamp":1639813321000},"page":"108-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Favorable response to pembrolizumab in granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor\u2010producing upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Takeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Departments of Urology Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9363-9054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryuji","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Departments of Urology Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emi","family":"Takakuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Pathology Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5875-6738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanta","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Departments of Urology Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Moriguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Departments of Urology Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Departments of Urology Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Departments of Urology Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Osawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Departments of Urology Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashige","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Departments of Urology Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Departments of Urology Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2990035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2014.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000311"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V49.5.845.845"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.1.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2017.1271"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"6475","article-title":"Rapid progression of a granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor\u2010producing liver tumor metastasized from esophagogastric junction cancer: a case report and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Hoshimoto S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. 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