{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:39:32Z","timestamp":1792172372025,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJU Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although immune checkpoint inhibitors offer significant therapeutic benefits to patients with advanced cancer, they can also cause a variety of immune\u2010related adverse events. As immune checkpoint inhibitors are being widely used, rare immune\u2010related adverse events are being reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 70\u2010year\u2010old man with advanced salivary duct carcinoma was treated with pembrolizumab following radiotherapy. After receiving two doses of pembrolizumab, the patient experienced symptoms such as micturition pain and hematuria. Immune\u2010related cystitis was suspected, and the patient underwent a bladder biopsy and bladder hydrodistension. Histological analysis revealed non\u2010neoplastic bladder mucosa with CD8\u2010positive lymphocyte\u2010dominant inflammatory cell infiltration, consistent with immune\u2010related cystitis. The patient's bladder symptoms improved postoperatively without steroid administration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although steroids are commonly administered to treat immune\u2010related adverse events, bladder hydrodistension may be a promising treatment option for immune\u2010related cystitis to avoid administration of steroids, which may impair the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iju5.12588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T06:09:01Z","timestamp":1680588541000},"page":"211-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Successful treatment of immune\u2010related cystitis with bladder hydrodistension"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2128-7886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Anraku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Niigata City General Hospital  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Hashidate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Niigata City General Hospital  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Niigata City General Hospital  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Niigata City General Hospital  Niigata 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