{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:44:46Z","timestamp":1792118686823,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJU Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Yolk sac tumors are malignant germ cell tumors that typically arise in the gonads. Although extragonadal cases have been reported, primary involvement of the urinary tract is extremely rare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 67\u2010year\u2010old man presented with gross hematuria. Cystoscopy and contrast\u2010enhanced computed tomography revealed a 6\u2010cm bladder mass. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings (alpha\u2010fetoprotein, glypican\u20103, and Sal\u2010like protein 4 positivity) were consistent with a yolk sac tumor without a urothelial carcinoma component. Additional examinations revealed no primary lesions elsewhere, leading to the diagnosis of a primary bladder yolk sac tumor. The patient received four cycles of etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy and has remained recurrence\u2010free for 2\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with primary bladder yolk sac tumors, although rare, may achieve favorable outcomes with combined surgical resection and chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iju5.70282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:07:21Z","timestamp":1792116441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary Pure Yolk Sac Tumor of the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2151-6126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shiga General Hospital  Moriyama Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shiga General Hospital  Moriyama Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Uegaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shiga General Hospital  Moriyama Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Kono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Shiga General Hospital  Moriyama Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9397-2698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toru","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shiga General Hospital  Moriyama Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115982","article-title":"To Be or Not to Be a Germ Cell: The Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor Paradigm","volume":"22","author":"De Felici M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0b013e31803240e6","article-title":"Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors: A Review With Emphasis on Pathologic Features, Clinical Prognostic Variables, and Differential Diagnostic Considerations","volume":"14","author":"McKenney J. K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Advances in Anatomic Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181ad25d5","article-title":"Diagnostic Utility of SALL4 in Extragonadal Yolk Sac Tumors: An Immunohistochemical Study of 59 Cases With Comparison to Placental\u2010Like Alkaline Phosphatase, Alpha\u2010Fetoprotein, and Glypican\u20103","volume":"33","author":"Wang F.","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgical Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14164013","article-title":"Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Burned\u2010Out Testicular Tumours: The Diagnostic Keys Based on 48 Cases","volume":"14","author":"Desmousseaux T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-020-00983-3","article-title":"Yolk Sac Tumor Differentiation in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report and Differential Diagnosis","volume":"15","author":"Espejo\u2010Herrera N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostic Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2022.151923","article-title":"Yolk Sac Differentiation in Urothelial Carcinoma \u2010 A Rare Variant Originating From Aberrant Differentiation of Sarcomatoid Components","volume":"58","author":"Krishnamurthy K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2013.1670","article-title":"Primary Yolk Sac Tumour of the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","volume":"7","author":"Mui W. H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncology Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdg020","article-title":"Predicting the Risk of Bleomycin Lung Toxicity in Patients With Germ\u2010Cell Tumours","volume":"14","author":"O'Sullivan J. M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.6001\/actamedica.v23i2.3327","article-title":"Successful Treatment of Advanced Stage Yolk Sac Tumour of Extragonadal Origin: A Case Report and Review of Literature","volume":"23","author":"Rudaitis V.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Medica Lituanica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.928234","article-title":"Relapsed and Refractory Yolk Sac Tumor of the Peritoneum (Mesentery): A Case Report and Literature Review","volume":"12","author":"Zhou X.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1551266","article-title":"An Endometrial Malignant Tumor With Yolk Sac Tumor Component: A Case Report and Literature Review","volume":"15","author":"Cui Z.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2014.417","article-title":"Prognostic Value of Serum \u03b1\u2010Fetoprotein in Ovarian Yolk Sac Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"3","author":"Guo Y. L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecular and Clinical Oncology"}],"container-title":["IJU Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iju5.70282","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/iju5.70282","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iju5.70282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:07:29Z","timestamp":1792116449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iju5.70282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iju5.70282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iju5.70282","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2577-171X","2577-171X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2577-171X","type":"print"},{"value":"2577-171X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70282"}}