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This article explores whether PTSD symptoms relating to labor and delivery are associated with mothers' early perceptions of their infant. Using labor and childbirth as the stressor criterion, 211 women were assessed at 6 weeks' postpartum for symptoms of intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Their perceptions of their infants, of mother\u2010to\u2010infant attachment, and infant behavioral characteristics also were evaluated. In sum, 3.8% of the women fulfilled full diagnostic criteria, and a further 21.3% reported clinically significant symptoms on at least one dimension of PTSD. Those meeting full or partial criteria perceived their attachment relationships to be significantly less optimal and reported more negative maternal representations in terms of their infants being less warm and more invasive. They also rated them as being temperamentally more difficult, prone to distress, and less easy to soothe. However, when the effects of depression were partialled, only the effect for perceived warmth remained. Posttraumatic stress symptoms relating to labor and delivery may adversely influence maternal perceptions of infants, with potentially adverse implications for the developing mother\u2013infant relationship. The overlap with depressive symptoms requires further exploration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.20197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,20]],"date-time":"2008-11-20T16:00:21Z","timestamp":1227196821000},"page":"537-554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth and mothers' perceptions of their infants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Slade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingram","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646839808404563"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.2001.00111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1354850031000087537"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.166.4.525"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780198527664.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1128946"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"A secure base: Clinical applications of attachment theory","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00277"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15390-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200101000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646839808404558"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536x.2000.00104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466500163095"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-6383(02)00083-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579402002043","article-title":"Mother\u2013infant and father\u2013infant attachment among alcoholic families","volume":"14","author":"Eiden R.D.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0264683042000205972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2010IV Axis I Disorders","author":"First M.B.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Meta\u2010analysis in social research","author":"Glass G.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of postnatal depression on mother\u2013infant interaction, infant response to the Still\u2010face perturbation, and task performance on an instrumental learning task","volume":"16","author":"Hart S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.1991.tb00104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197905000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007777032063"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Effective treatments for PTSD","author":"Keane T.M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.2.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales","author":"Lovibond S.H.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2001.00942.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646839308403222"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.t01-1-00139"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01871.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-6383(98)90029-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Oates J.M. &Gervai J.(2003).Mothers' Object Relations Scales. 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