{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T14:40:28Z","timestamp":1771339228653,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infant Mental Health Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe hyperactivity and impulsivity are common reasons for referral to infant mental health services. Past versions of ZERO TO THREE's (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#imhj21592-bib-0039\"\/>) diagnostic nosology, the <jats:italic>Diagnostic Classification of Mental and Developmental Disorders in Infancy and Early Childhood<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>DC:0\u20133<\/jats:italic>), did not address this clinical issue because it had been addressed in other nosologies. These general diagnostic nosologies describe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but with little attention to developmentally specific aspects of the diagnosis in very young children. Categorical diagnosis related to hyperactivity and impulsivity in very young children warrants careful review of existing literature. Explicit attention must be paid to ensure that categorical diagnoses serve to describe syndromes that cause significant impairment to the family to allow children and families to access effective supports and ensure that behaviors typical of the developmental level are not described as pathologic. This article reviews proposed diagnostic criteria for ADHD and overactivity disorder of toddlerhood as well as the rationale for the criteria and evidence supporting validity and reliability of the diagnoses in very young children. Clinical implications also are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T18:00:03Z","timestamp":1473271203000},"page":"476-485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["CATEGORICAL DIAGNOSIS OF EXTREME HYPERACTIVITY, IMPULSIVITY, AND INATTENTION IN VERY YOUNG CHILDREN"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Mary Margaret","family":"Gleason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention\u2010deficit\u2010hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents","volume":"128","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"108705471453865","article-title":"Co\u2010occurrence of ODD and CD in preschool children with symptoms of ADHD","author":"Bendiksen B.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Attention Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-014-9869-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949102400205"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00854.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"Charach A. 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