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Using primarily a cohort of 310 low\u2010income boys of families recruited from Women, Infants, and Children Nutrition Supplement centers in a large metropolitan area followed from infancy to early adulthood and a smaller cohort of boys and girls followed through early childhood, we provide evidence supporting the critical role of parenting, maternal depression, and other proximal family risk factors in early childhood that are prospectively linked to trajectories of parent\u2010reported conduct problems in early and middle childhood, youth\u2010reported antisocial behavior during adolescence and early adulthood, and court\u2010reported violent offending in adolescence. The findings are discussed in terms of the need to identify at\u2010risk boys in early childhood and methods and platforms for engaging families in healthcare settings not previously used to implement preventive mental health services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,27]],"date-time":"2016-12-27T12:44:44Z","timestamp":1482842684000},"page":"68-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["EARLY CHILDHOOD PREDICTORS OF LOW\u2010INCOME BOYS\u2019 PATHWAYS TO ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN CHILDHOOD, ADOLESCENCE, AND EARLY ADULTHOOD"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Gilliam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the teacher's report form and 1991 profile","author":"Achenbach T.M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00917246"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400002017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300528"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0025583"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Attachment","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-012-0125-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.39.2.222"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Hierarchical linear models in social and behavioral research: Applications and data analysis methods","author":"Bryk A.S.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023050103707"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950230030006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400007379"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400003114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072290"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/342999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.67.5.631"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.4.568"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5479.591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-013-9768-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(05)80231-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2008.01195.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/11485-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1021M"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301361"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","volume-title":"Explaining delinquency and drug use","author":"Elliott D.S.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","volume-title":"Marriage, divorce, and children's adjustment","author":"Emery R.E.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Growing points of attachment theory and research. 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