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Understanding the links between risk factors and these dimensions of family engagement can inform clinical decision\u2010making, as risk assessments are used to tailoring program services. The current study examined the associations between high risk, or potential, for child physical abuse and both parenting quality and children's emotion regulation (ER) during toddlerhood; EHS participation was examined as a buffer. The sample included EHS\u2010eligible mothers of infants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 80) drawn from one site of the EHS Research and Evaluation Project. Associations were tested between mothers\u2019 potential for child physical abuse, measured during infancy, and observed maternal sensitivity, positive regard, harshness, and children's ER skills at child ages 1 and 2 years. Results indicated that high potential for child physical abuse was associated with lower positive regard at age 1 and lower ER skills at age 2. EHS participation operated as a buffer on each of these associations. Implications for screening for child physical abuse potential and the constructs it represents in clinical settings as well as how EHS can promote family engagement are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]],"date-time":"2019-01-19T20:11:05Z","timestamp":1547928665000},"page":"169-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Associations between child physical abuse potential, observed maternal parenting, and young children's emotion regulation: Is participation in Early Head Start protective?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Katherine W.","family":"Paschall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Trends  Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Mastergeorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University  Lubbock Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Ayoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School and Brazelton Touchpoints Center Division of Developmental Medicine Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9314-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/etc.0.0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"Bayley Scales of Infant Development: Manual","author":"Bayley N.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410903532650"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.10007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(00)00022-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579408000436"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.20224"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.93.1.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15295192.2013.732430"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","volume-title":"Child\u2013Parent Interaction Rating Scales for the Three\u2010Bag Assessment","author":"Brady\u2010Smith C.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.22.6.723"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development","author":"Bronfenbrenner U.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1128756"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"324","volume-title":"Handbook of self\u2010regulation: Research, theory, and applications","author":"Calkins S. 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