{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T21:47:34Z","timestamp":1784756854137,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["410\u20102009\u2010724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["410\u20102009\u2010724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infant Mental Health Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies show that children with a military parent are at heightened risk of the development of behavior problems. However, there is limited work examining how other factors experienced by military families may also influence behavior problems. In the current study, we recruited three types of Canadian families with a preschooler: families with a deployed military member, families with a nondeployed military member, and nonmilitary families. We examined whether the nonmilitary parent's (in all cases the mother) parenting stress and attachment relationship with the child are associated with behavior problems, and whether deployment status further contributes to the prediction. Child\u2013mother dyads participated in an observed attachment assessment, and mothers reported on their stress levels and their child's behavior. Results showed that both child attachment insecurity and parenting stress were associated with elevated levels of internalizing problems; however, only parenting stress was associated with conduct problems. Military deployment predicted higher levels of internalizing and conduct problems beyond the contributions of attachment and stress. Furthermore, having a father in the military (whether deployed or not) also contributed to internalizing problems. These findings shed light on how the military lifestyle impacts early childhood mental health through the complex interplay between various parts of their environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T08:26:12Z","timestamp":1586766372000},"page":"723-737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The contributions of child\u2013mother attachment, maternal parenting stress, and military status to the prediction of child behavior problems"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Tupper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Bureau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1303-8046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey\u2010Ann","family":"Deneault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Titania","family":"Dixon\u2010Luinenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"St\u2010Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de psychologie Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Parenting stress index","author":"Abidin R. R.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"Manual for the child behavior checklist\/4\u201018 and 1991 profile","author":"Achenbach T. M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","volume-title":"Patterns of attachment: Psychological study of the Strange Situation","author":"Ainsworth M. D. S.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.2011.01357.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.35.5.1210"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-04-1108"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20743"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/pn.43.11.0002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15566935eed0702_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","volume-title":"Attachment and loss: Vol.1 Attachment","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"273","volume-title":"Attachment during the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention","author":"Bretherton I.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10176-018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2016.1263350"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730903417011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12275"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01657.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","unstructured":"Cassidy J. &Marvin R. S. with the MacArthur Working Group on Attachment. (1992). Attachment organization in three and four year olds: Procedures and coding manual. Unpublished coding manual University of Virginia."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.162.11.1009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00857.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Handbook of parenting: Practical issues in parenting","author":"Crnic K.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","first-page":"639","volume-title":"Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications","author":"DeKlyen M.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2019.1589546"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-11-00292"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","first-page":"696","volume-title":"Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications","author":"Dozier M.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579410000118"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","unstructured":"Dursun S. &Sudom K.(2009).Impact of military life on families: Results from the PERSTEMPO survey of Canadian Forces spouses. (DGMPRA TR 2009 XX) Department of National Defence Ottawa ON."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15388220.2013.840642"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e3181aac6e4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430.2012.723439"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/168.12.1019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12457"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.90014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200111000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022658222914"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2856"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12213"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095327X11398749"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp3502_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.179.3.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9473-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2006.00274.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-006-9120-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-016-0624-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/foc.2013.0015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Who joins the military? A look at race, class, and immigration status","volume":"36","author":"Lutz A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Political and Military Sociology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21635781.2012.721062"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028793"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","unstructured":"Manser L.(2018).Profile of military families in Canada: 2017 regular force demographics.Ottawa ON: Canadian Forces Morale and Welfare Services."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0900177"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","first-page":"273","volume-title":"Handbook of attachment. Theory, research, and clinical applications","author":"Marvin R. S.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.3.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JCS-05-2015-0017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025406071908"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Attachment disorganization and caregiving","author":"Moss E.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-117.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.37.6.847"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.20305"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0002831210365008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15566935eed0902_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000078723"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.2010.01066.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","unstructured":"Park J.(2008).A profile of the Canadian Forces. Perspectives. Statistics Canada Catalogue No.75\u2010001\u2010X. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/pub\/75-001-x\/2008107\/pdf\/10657-eng.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7064-0_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.11.1.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095327X8601300101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-008-0489-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941600064X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579499002059"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_74_1","first-page":"366","volume-title":"Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications","author":"Solomon J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_75_1","unstructured":"Park J.(2008).A profile of the Canadian Forces. Perspectives on labour and income(Vol. 9 no. 7). Statistics Canada Website. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www5.statcan.gc.ca\/access_acces\/alternative_alternatif.action?l=eng&loc=\/pdf\/5215217-eng.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430902830263"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_77_1","unstructured":"Sudom K.(2010).Quality of life among military families:Results from the 2008\u20102009 survey of Canadian Forces spouses. Director General Military Personnel Research & Analysis National Defence DGMPRA TR 2010\u2013017."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_78_1","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.)","author":"Tabachnick B. G.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2015.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21720"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/1066480712438531","article-title":"Counselors called for service: Impact of parental deployment on preschool children","volume":"20","author":"Waliski A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2011.560143"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/353950"}],"container-title":["Infant Mental Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fimhj.21854","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/imhj.21854","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/imhj.21854","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/imhj.21854","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:02:29Z","timestamp":1693958549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/imhj.21854"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/imhj.21854"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/imhj.21854","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-9641","1097-0355"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-9641","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0355","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}