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Despite the invaluable attention and support this proliferation has drawn to the importance of early childhood experiences, we believe that it is time to move beyond broad indices of risk and toward more specific and individualized understanding of how risk exposures are linked to clinical outcomes in young children. Within infant and early childhood mental health, there is a need for greater specificity in linking adverse caregiving experiences in early life to psychopathology in children. We highlight a framework distinguishing experiences of trauma from experiences of deprivation and use the examples of posttraumatic stress disorder and reactive attachment disorder to demonstrate how greater specificity in our understanding of early adverse caregiving can lead to more accurate and targeted diagnosis and treatment for young children. Both researchers and clinicians benefit from an approach to gain a greater appreciation of the links between specific types of experiences and outcomes in the children that we serve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T11:40:05Z","timestamp":1601120405000},"page":"87-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Adverse caregiving in early life: The trauma and deprivation distinction in young children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5990-6892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Guyon\u2010Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Human Development Vanderbilt University  Nashville Tennessee"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tulane University School of Medicine  New Orleans Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Zeanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tulane University School of Medicine  New Orleans Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2014.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2018.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association 2013 Author Arlington VA"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2372732217721933"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646830600821231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7208-3_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Attachment and loss, Volume 2: Separation","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559505283699"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-9608-3_37"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400007318"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119125556.devpsy311"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199601000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Treating trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents","author":"Cohen J. 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