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To investigate these associations, the resting\u2010state frontal electroencephalography (EEG) power of 48 substance\u2010using mothers and 37 non\u2010substance\u2010using mothers were examined, specifying seven frequency bands: delta, theta, alpha, alpha1, alpha2, beta, and gamma. Substance\u2010using mothers exhibited enhanced beta and gamma spectral power compared to non\u2010substance\u2010using mothers, potentially reflecting higher arousal states in substance\u2010using mothers. There were no between\u2010group differences in any component of PRF (i.e., levels of pre\u2010mentalizing, certainty, and interest and curiosity). Whole\u2010sample analyses revealed significant positive correlations between pre\u2010mentalizing and delta spectral power. 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