{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T13:10:05Z","timestamp":1791465005701,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["752\u20102019\u20101070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["752\u20102019\u20101070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infant Mental Health Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic relational trauma can lead to the formation of pervasively unintegrated attachment representations in adulthood, referred to as Hostile\u2010Helpless (HH) states of mind. Individuals with this type of attachment disorganization evidence conflicting evaluations of caregivers and have difficulty reflecting on their traumatic childhood experiences. This scoping review is the first to systematically integrate the results of all empirical studies on HH states of mind in an effort to highlight the scientific and clinical contributions of the concept and guide future research. Following Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) Methodological Framework, cross\u2010reference keywords were searched in three databases (PsycArticles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, ProQuest). In total, 19 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the synthesis. Results suggest that prevalence rates of HH states of mind increase as a function of adults' psychosocial risk status. Findings also reveal that the long\u2010term consequences of early trauma are greater in the presence of a HH state of mind, whereas the absence of a HH state of mind acts as a protective factor against the intergenerational transmission of maladaptation. Finally, results support the discriminant validity of the HH classification against other forms of attachment disorganization in adulthood. Research gaps and future research directions are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T11:23:09Z","timestamp":1653996189000},"page":"597-623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Hostile\u2010helpless states of mind: A scoping review of risk factors, correlates, and consequences"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0949-4468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Turgeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tristan","family":"Milot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychoeducation Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Canada"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes interdisciplinaires sur le d\u00e9veloppement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF)  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche Universitaire sur les Jeunes et les Familles (CRUJeF)  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de recherche et d'intervention aupr\u00e8s des enfants vuln\u00e9rables et n\u00e9glig\u00e9s (GRIN)  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"St\u2010Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Canada"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes interdisciplinaires sur le d\u00e9veloppement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF)  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche Universitaire sur les Jeunes et les Familles (CRUJeF)  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de recherche et d'intervention aupr\u00e8s des enfants vuln\u00e9rables et n\u00e9glig\u00e9s (GRIN)  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Dubois\u2010Comtois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Canada"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes interdisciplinaires sur le d\u00e9veloppement de l'enfant et la famille (CEIDEF)  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de recherche et d'intervention aupr\u00e8s des enfants vuln\u00e9rables et n\u00e9glig\u00e9s (GRIN)  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Canada"},{"name":"CIUSSS du Nord\u2010de\u2010l'\u00cele\u2010de\u2010Montr\u00e9al  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579407070162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2020.1738510"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3280\/MAL2009\u2010003005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012\u20101649.44.4.969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE): Manual for coding disrupted affective communication [Unpublished document]","author":"Bronfman E.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2016.1141149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jftr.12054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1467\u20108438.2006.tb00700.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"599","volume-title":"Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications","author":"Crowell J. 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