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In this study, we explore Gamo mothers' perceptions of happiness, unhappiness, and emotional well\u2010being during pregnancy and after birth. We interviewed 42 Gamo mothers of infants living in a rural highland community in Southern Ethiopia. We analyzed interviews to determine shared themes from mothers' descriptions of what brings happiness and unhappiness, and descriptions of what types of help can be provided to mothers experiencing emotional unwellness. Gamo mothers consistently said that resources and maternal\/child health contributed to what makes mothers happy and unhappy during pregnancy and postpartum. During pregnancy, mothers\u2019 access to specific foods was largely associated with happiness, while limited access to these was associated with unhappiness, as were health issues of the infant and mother. Postpartum happiness was situated around a healthy, uncomplicated delivery and a healthy baby, whereas unhappiness was associated with a lack of resources. This study gives context to mothers\u2019 mental health and demonstrates underlying concerns mothers have in resource\u2010limited, high\u2010risk environments. Public health campaigns and local health officials should understand the context of mothers\u2019 concerns to address peripartum mental health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.70032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T12:38:45Z","timestamp":1750682325000},"page":"696-711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["What makes mothers happy and unhappy during pregnancy and postpartum? 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