{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:26:03Z","timestamp":1774124763330,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infant Mental Health Journal: Infancy and Early Childhood"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In toddlerhood, parents play a crucial role in supporting the socio\u2010emotional development of children through their parenting behaviors. Certain parental risk factors, such as emotion regulation difficulties and parenting stress, have been found to be related to both parenting practices and child outcomes. As the interplay between these risk factors and their associations with child socio\u2010emotional problems can change across toddlerhood, the aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal, bidirectional associations of parenting stress and maternal emotion regulation difficulties with child socio\u2010emotional problems. This study included 360 mothers from the Southern regions of the Netherlands (\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a031.4, 90.7% Dutch, 81.4% completed university) who completed questionnaires biannually (Jan 2021\u2013May 2024) within the first 3 years postpartum, as part of a longitudinal birth cohort. Cross\u2010lagged path analyses indicated a bidirectional relation between maternal emotion regulation difficulties and socio\u2010emotional problems over time, and a unidirectional relation between early child problems and later parenting stress. The findings illustrate how parents and children can influence each other's emotional well\u2010being in toddlerhood.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.70051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T04:15:27Z","timestamp":1759810527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A cross\u2010lagged panel model examining the longitudinal associations between maternal emotion regulation difficulties, parenting stress, and child socio\u2010emotional problems in toddlerhood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Verhagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, CoRPS \u2013 Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases Tilburg University  Tilburg the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Duijndam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, CoRPS \u2013 Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases Tilburg University  Tilburg the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Kupper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, CoRPS \u2013 Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases Tilburg University  Tilburg the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lodder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Methodology Tilburg University  Tilburg the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5737-7026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myrthe","family":"Boekhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, CoRPS \u2013 Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases Tilburg University  Tilburg the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Parenting Stress Index: Professional manual","author":"Abidin R. 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