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This study explored emotional availability in parent\u2010child interaction following early cardiac surgery in relation to emotional and behavioral regulation in children and identified early predictors. Participants were 23 preschool\u2010aged children with CHD and their parents from a longitudinal cohort assessed at infancy (post\u2010surgery) and preschool age in Australia. Dyadic interaction was assessed using the Emotional Availability Scales (EA), and parents reported on child's emotional and behavioral regulation. Predictors included infant social\u2010emotional functioning, parental attachment feelings and traumatic stress, hospitalization length, timing of diagnosis and duration of contact at birth. Over 50% of dyads demonstrated emotional availability, however 30% were classified as complicated and 12% detached. Greater parental sensitivity was associated with less externalizing behavior. Longer hospitalization was associated with lower child involvement and greater parental intrusiveness. Contact at birth was associated with greater emotional availability and more optimal parental structuring at preschool. Findings highlight the enduring impact of early medical adversity on emotional availability in CHD and illuminate effects on both child and parent. Future research should explore targeted interventions that buffer relational disruptions in medically vulnerable dyads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.70097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T15:33:32Z","timestamp":1778859212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Connection after correction: Parent\u2010child relationships following early cardiac surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1819-4216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamera A.","family":"Clancy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Muscara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"The Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"de Weerth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigid","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsy085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms & profiles","author":"Achenbach T. 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