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However, the moderating effects of certain contextual factors remain poorly understood. Using data from the French SEPAGES cohort, an outcome\u2010wide analytic approach was used to investigate the relationship between PMH during pregnancy (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0166), 0\u201312 months postnatally (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0117), and 12\u201324 months postnatally (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0207) with child socioemotional, behavioral and cognitive outcomes at two and three years. Mother's mental health, child sex and parent's professional class were then tested as potential moderators. Findings revealed no significant associations between paternal depression or anxiety with any measure of child development. However, mother's professional class and maternal prenatal depression moderated the association between paternal anxiety and several areas of child development, with children of lower maternal professional classes showing poorer cognitive outcomes but improved social perception when exposed to paternal anxiety. Children exposed to paternal anxiety showed worse working memory outcomes and future\u2010oriented tasks and organization when also exposed to maternal depression. While our findings contrast with current research, showing no relationship between PMH and child development, they highlight the importance of considering family socioeconomic position when studying the relationship between PMH and child development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.70104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:22:11Z","timestamp":1781155331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paternal perinatal mental health and early child development: An outcome\u2010wide analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8023-0911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honor","family":"Scarlett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM Unit 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (IPLESP) Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1994-5779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Benarous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM Unit 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (IPLESP) Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Armand\u2010Trousseau Hospital (APHP) Sorbonne\u2010Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e8le","family":"Consoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM Unit 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (IPLESP) Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry H\u00f4pital Universitaire de la Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Maladies Rares \u00e0 Expression Psychiatrique, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry AP\u2010HP Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, H\u00f4pital Universitaire de la Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Montreuil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lyon\u2010Caen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Development and Respiratory Health University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Philippat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Development and Respiratory Health University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5324-1372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith van der","family":"Waerden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM Unit 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique (IPLESP) Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the child behavior checklist and revised child behavior profile","author":"Achenbach T. 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