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This longitudinal study investigated whether prenatal maternal depression and anxiety symptoms predicted infant difficult temperament at 12 months through parallel mediation by postnatal maternal symptoms and perceived partner support. Given emerging evidence on sex differences in the associations between prenatal maternal distress and early socio\u2010emotional development, exploratory multi\u2010group analyses by child sex were also conducted.\u00a0Pregnant individuals were recruited (October 2020\u2013September 2022) for the Resilience and Perinatal Stress during the Pandemic\u00a0(RESPPA) study\u00a0in Quebec, Canada. Measures included the EPDS, GAD\u20107, ICQ, and perceived partner support assessed via self\u2010reported online questionnaires. Path analyses (\n                    <jats:italic>N\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    1422) were conducted using data from the third pregnancy trimester (T1), three months postpartum (T2), and 12 months postpartum (T3). Separate models were estimated for depression and anxiety symptoms. Greater prenatal depression symptoms predicted higher infant difficult temperament scores, with postnatal depression symptoms and perceived partner support fully mediating this association. Similar findings emerged for anxiety. No significant sex differences were observed. Findings highlight postnatal maternal depression and anxiety symptoms and perceived partner support as potential screening and intervention targets to promote infant development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.70117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:35:32Z","timestamp":1790825732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal links between prenatal maternal depression and anxiety symptoms and infant temperament: The roles of postnatal symptoms and perceived partner support"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Rapha\u00eblle","family":"Giac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"CHU Sainte\u2010Justine Azrieli Research Center  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3889-6167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Chaput\u2010Langlois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"CHU Sainte\u2010Justine Azrieli Research Center  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0863-8098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Booij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte\u2010Justine Azrieli Research Center  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Douglas Research Centre &amp; Eating Disorders Continuum  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"S\u00e9guin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"CHU Sainte\u2010Justine Azrieli Research Center  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lique","family":"Brun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"CHU Sainte\u2010Justine Azrieli Research Center  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7077-1340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Castellanos\u2010Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte\u2010Justine Azrieli Research Center  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychoeducation University of Montreal  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0543-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathy","family":"Vaillancourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRS \u2010 Centre Armand\u2010Frappier Sant\u00e9 Biotechnologie  Laval Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre de recherche du CIUSSS du Nord\u2010de\u2010l\u2019\u00cele\u2010de\u2010Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4430-1644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Lipp\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte\u2010Justine Azrieli Research Center  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Montreal  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7906-4696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Herba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"CHU Sainte\u2010Justine Azrieli Research Center  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482631.2021.2018773"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2011.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"1572","volume-title":"Healthcare","author":"Antoniou E.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2004.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2011.586447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Mothers, babies, and health in later life","author":"Barker D. 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